Mli Case Study

The main problems facing Jamie Turner and MLI, Inc. as a whole are a lack of leadership, poor organization, poor planning and decision-making, and a lack of communication. The top executive of the organization did not display any of the managerial skills, except technical skills, needed to create a productive work environment. The organizational structure does not provide enough support for the diverse needs of MLI and created a power vacuum at the executive level of MLI. Different organizational cultures at MLI and Specialty Support Services (Triple S) created tension that made problem resolution difficult.The different cultures lead to ethically questionable decisions by MLI executives and staff. MLI, Inc. is an international lighting manufacturing organization that has suffered several financial setbacks after the death of the founder. MLI was acquired by a larger conglomerate, Specialty Support Services (Triple S) to provide alternative distributions channels for some of the Trip le S lighting products. The only Triple S executive to champion the MLI acquisition was Pat Cardullo. Cardullo, the president of The Triple S Mobile Systems/Support division would also serve as the MLI president.Jamie Turner was hired as the VP of sales and Marketing with the promise of future advancement in the organization. The nature of the MLI acquisition is the foundation of the issues confronting Jamie Turner. Pat Cardullo is the president of another successful Triple S division, and is in consideration of a major promotion. This fact left the organization without a workable plan to accomplish the unsustainable goals created by Cardullo. Cardullo was involved in details of the organization that would have been better handled by middle managers.Top managers focusing on implementation will leave an organization without the strategic planning needed to remain competitive. Cardullo also had an abrasive manner that was disruptive in the organization. Cardullo lacked the interperson al skills needed communicate, understand, or motivate the Sales and Marketing group at MLI. The personal views that Cardullo held about how employees should work left a team that was ambivalent about working with the organizations top executive. The focus on finding his replacement as quickly as possible, Cardullo did not exhibit the values of ethical leadership.Cardullo also failed to create proper chain of command and proper career paths for top managers at MLI. The power structure of the organization should not be left to a person sitting in a particular office. Cardullo’s and Jamie’s lack of management skill was apparent when Jamie changed prices to move old inventory. The fact that Jamie did not manage up created the space for real disagreement between the top managers. Without direction from Cardullo, Jamie was working under the assumption that margins could be lowered.Jamie also failed to communicate with the controller that has worked with Cardullo for many yea rs. Jamie demonstrated a lack of understanding as it relates to the controller when he presented negative information that would impact Cardullo. In another clear failure of leadership, Cardullo emphasized that Jamie was wrong in front of the rest of the management team. As the conflict between Cardullo and Jamie continued, more decisions were being consolidated in one office. Cardullo did not see the need to invite differing opinions on multiple issues that will negatively impact the organization.The decision to redesign a warehouse that creates inefficiency was a poor one. Cardullo made the decision over the objections of the managers that were assigned to make such decisions in the best interest of the organization. The ethical challenges around financial forecasting are very disturbing. Cardullo future with Triple S was at stake, so the need to be financially successful was paramount. The fact that the controller came over to MLI with Cardullo made the task of presenting alterna te forecasts unwelcome.The controller, who supported Cardullo without exception, allowed personal bias to affect her judgment. The dismissal of negative forecasts without investigation does not allow the organization the ability to correct potential problems. The consequence of an action that appears to be a cover-up, is other organizational members my also feel covering up decisions is acceptable. Jamie was rather upset that his decision to change pricing was not kept away from Cardullo. The issue created when Cardullo made the executive decision to change all pricing with the help of the controller was a serious misstep.Even in the face of serious disagreement by the senior staff, Cardullo made a unilateral decision that proved to be disastrous for the organization. Cardullo failed to account for the diversity in the market. Cardullo was dismissive of other’s ideas on creating additional revenue for MLI and would not communicate a strategy for the organization to follow. As Cardullo made more decisions about implementation, the other organizational leaders began to question their futures. The lack of leadership, organization, planning, and communication created a dysfunctional organization that continues to loose revenue.The seemingly unethical nature of how financials were being calculated erodes the organizational culture at MLI. The lack of strategic planning left the organization with goals other than hit a particular margin, but there was no leadership on how to reach the goal. Jamie tried to fill the vacuum left by Cardullo, but did not have a clear definition of what Cardullo wanted. The issues that MLI have exist at many different organizations but there are tools that can be utilized to minimize and/or eliminate the managerial missteps. The first tool is education.I would create a policy at MLI that requires all managers to take leadership training. It is vital that managers understand what is required when is comes to managing the human reso urces of the organization. Bad leadership can lead to resource shortages, loss of intellectual capital and well as institutional knowledge. I would include diversity training to help manager build the skills needs to understand the nuances that diverse employees and colleagues. Ethics policies would go into place to eliminate any misunderstanding about how the organization operates.Looking at the decisions made at MLI, I would remove Cardullo as president and hire a person that can be focused on MLI. Cardullo was a micro-manager that did not clearly communicate a strategy to the MLI team. The new president’s first task would be to create a formal reporting structure that defines how information should rollup within MLI. It is crucial that the organization have a clear picture of where it is at in order to make any shifts necessary to realize any potential opportunity.The formality of the reporting structure coupled with regular scheduled meetings with each senior manager and the entire senior management team will eliminate the rudderless feeling at MLI. In light of the acquisition, I would bring the senior management from MLI to Triple S and coordinate strategy sessions around the current and future goals for MLI. I would have the controller at MLI report through Triple S corporate finance. I believe this will help with corporate governance and eliminate the potential for mischief.The hiring and firing of employees would be done based on strict guidelines that is managed through HR. These changes will help MLI stabilize the current situation and plan a path to success for the organization. Cardullo did not gain the trust or loyalty of the management team of the staff at MLI. Jamie was working to accomplish different goals for the organization, but he failed to communicate his ideas and changes up the chain. In the absence of any defined direction and a boss that does not communicate effectively, Jamie was headed for trouble from the first day on the job .I would have Triple S create an ethics hotline to allow employees to communicate troubling issues within the organization and provide employee a mechanism to address issues they have unsuccessfully tried to communicate with their supervisor. Jamie needed a way to address difficult issues with Cardullo and has no idea what has been communicated to Triple S. The problems can be fixed, but it will require that Triple S and MLI assess the real issues presented in this case and put policies in place that remove as much ambiguity as possible.

Internalization of Values Socialization of the Baraka

Internalization of Values Socialization of the Baraka and Keiski Aubrey Love English Comp 3 Dr. Popham 3/21/2012 The people who inhabit a community and their interactions with one another comprise a society. These repeated interactions allow people to internalize or, hold true, what society portrays as everyday norms and values. These norms and values are instilled during childhood through the time he or she becomes an adult. Amiri Baraka’s autobiography â€Å"School† and Lisa Keiski’s essay â€Å"Suicide’s Forgotten Victims,† makes this evident.In both â€Å"School† and â€Å"Suicide’s Forgotten Victims,† Baraka’s and Keiski’s daily interactions with their peers, authority figures, and society contribute to the formulation of important life lessons. Through the daily interactions with his peers in his educational setting, Baraka internalizes concepts pivotal to real world situations. School provided Baraka with an environment to social with students that have common interests and goals: â€Å"The games and sports of the playground and streets was one registration carried with us as long as we live† (260). Friends compose the next primary socializing agent outside the family.It allows Baraka to see beyond his small world at home and introduces him to new experiences. Physical and recreational activities are important components in childhood development. Interactions with his peers provided Baraka with his first experience of equal status relationships. When Baraka played around with his friends, he made a distinction between himself and the others around him. The games shared between his friends shows that Baraka began learning to understand the idea of multiple roles; the duties and behaviors expected of someone who holds a particular status.Baraka took the values he learned from playing with his friends and certified them, implementing them in his everyday actions for the rest of his life. Baraka’s peers allowed him to internalize a vital life lesson necessary for the real world. Like Baraka, the daily interactions of Keiski with her roommate and friends in college allow her to experience a form of socialization necessary for reality. College not only provides a rigorous coursework, it offers Keiski and her peers a place to learn and grow from each other. I went to a mutual friend who was going to stay with her that night†¦ he had been around Sue too and said that she’d be all right†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (95). When faced with a scenario that Keishi is unsure about, she seeks refuge and clarification from a friend, hoping he can provide her with insight and wisdom about her situation. Although he tried to affirm Sue’s safety, deep in Keiski’s heart, she knew Sue faced trials and tribulations. From her interaction with her mutual friend, Keiski learns that she cannot depend on others to understand or take care of a situation for her.Keisk i had some kind of understanding of Sue’s hint for help, while her mutual friend did not sense suicidal signs from Sue and thus remained clueless the underlying pain. Keiski internalizes the life lesson that not everyone will understand a particular situation and if he or she does not understand, he or she will not have the answer to fix the situation; not all daily interactions lead to a positive end, a harsh but evident value in society. Similarly to the peers in Baraka’s â€Å"School,† authority figures contribute to Baraka’s socialization by exemplifying values and norms in their day-to-day actions.In this case, authority figures take the form of Baraka’s teacher, Mrs. Powell. â€Å"The only black teacher in the school at the time†¦, beat me damn near to death in full view of her and my 7B class†¦ (which apparently was sanctioned by my mother†¦)† (258). Baraka exerted the wrong class attitude by playing around while the te acher taught her class. Mrs. Powell uses Baraka as a demonstration for the class on what appropriate behavior in the classroom is. Mrs. Powell provides Baraka with an experience of the hierarchal system between adults and children.Baraka’s mother’s approval of physical discipline shows Baraka that certain behavior in a given situation will not be tolerated. The authority figures intend to instill the value they believe prove useful in society; values such as respecting authority figures or not talking over someone in a conversation. Through his experience with Mrs. Powell, Baraka internalizes the importance of recognizing people in positions of power and how to interact with them; a life lesson needed in almost every situation: family, friends, or the workplace.By the same token, authority figures in â€Å"Suicide’s Forgotten Victim† help the socialization of Keiski by allowing her to view the world in terms of how it affected her well-being. She says, â €Å"My own therapy has been immensely helpful, perhaps lifesaving† (96). Keiski’s repressed feelings grew stronger eating away at her conscious. She condemned herself for not having done anything to help prevent Sue from committing harm to herself. Keiski sought help from a psychiatrist whom gave her the support she needed, gingerly and sympathetically listening to Keiski’s issues.The therapeutic treatment of positive discussion allowed Keiski to think about herself and how she continuously handled the situation instead of worrying about her roommate and feeling guilty for not taking action to prevent such a travesty from occurring. It was helpful to Keiski in that she began to understand her why she was feeling the way she was. It can be argued that without having the support of the psychiatrist Keiski could have succumbed the pressure and guilt she felt and like Sue, have tried to end her life. That emotional outlet ultimately saved Keiski from herself and the personal guilt within her that built up.The authority figure, the psychiatrist, taught Keiski that she has to remember to consider herself and her own emotions when dealing with hardships in order to maintain good mental health. Not only do the peers and authority figures contribute to Baraka learning life lessons, society as a whole holds the many values and norms that vary from culture to culture. Baraka narrates a moment in time where he was on trial for supposedly cussing out a cop and making remarks about the cop’s father in a bank. Baraka countered stating African Americans focus on joking about mothers and the case was dismissed.From these societal experiences Baraka states, â€Å"I learned that you could keep people off you if you were mouth-dangerous as well as physically capable† (263). Away from the school or home setting, Baraka becomes exposed to values of society that may not have been so evident, such as racism. In society, it is important to be verball y educated. Not everything in life requires physical strength to overcome an obstacle. Baraka learned that words are just as powerful as physical abilities. He can get what he wants by persuading another by manipulating words and sentence structure.Language is used to convey rules, norms, and values amongst a group. It is main form of communication that exists. Baraka learns that life is based off previous statements about how to live, whether they are true or not. Without language, these ideals would not be able to be shared. Just like Baraka, society in Keiski’s â€Å"Suicide’s Forgotten History† society teaches life lessons on how to deal with the pressures of day-to-day interactions. The nature of society blames and points fingers when something goes wrong: â€Å"We, as a society, need to stop stigmatizing the friends and relatives of a suicide victim and start helping them† (94).The societal stigma that followed casted blame on Keiski for Sue’ s suicidal attempt, subjecting her to isolation. This stigma only promotes more grief, increases the recovery time, and discourages individuals from seeking help. Keiski argues that society needs to change its approach in deailing with suicide and suicide’s victim. Instead of pointing fingers and having scapegoats, society needs to give support and sympathy to families that have lost a love one to suicide. Keiski wants society to focus on prevention and intervention to allow families and friends to cope with their trama.Although â€Å"School† and â€Å"Suicide’s Forgotten Victim† tell the story of two distinctive individuals growing up, both account for strong life lessons learned in the process. Peers provide environments for individual to interaction and learn from one another. Authority figures give insight to the world at large through the experiences of their socialized minds. Society is the daily interaction of citizens in any environment exposing p eople to all the aspects that make up society. These are key agents in the development of norms and values in children throughout their growing period.

Charting a New Course for Schools Essay

Marc Tucker’s article, â€Å"Charting a New Course for Schools,† highlights the most urgent problems that the American education system currently faces. He mentions the need to reform the education system in order to compete in today’s global economy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tucker pointed out the deficiencies of the educational system in the country today. Furthermore, he stressed on the need to implement changes to the system. The author focused on information that evidently shows why there is an urgent need to overhaul the educational system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Tucker, the report of New Commission on the Skills of the American Workforce, â€Å"Tough Choices or Tough Times, provides an overview of the current status of the American labor force. It shows how the American workers are lagging behind workers from developing countries in terms of skills and abilities. Also, Tucker points out that workers from developing countries possess the same skills and knowledge as American workers and yet are paid lower wages. This poses a problem for American workers since it is a given that any business man would choose to lower costs for the same quality. American workers are losing their edge in the labor market due to the antiquated education system of the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The dilemma for American workers is this, they must either give up their current standard of living or they must improve themselves in terms of skills, talents, and abilities. The latter, according to Tucker, is the reason why a revamp of the country’s education system has become a necessity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tucker points out two criteria that the United States must meet in order for its workers to continue commanding their high wages and maintain their standard of living. The author says that first, American workers must match the best academic performance in the world. At the same time, Tucker said, the country must offer workers that are the most creative and innovative.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The article also highlighted the characteristics of a premium worker or the worker that deserves to be paid premium wages. According to the author American workers should become premium workers in order to receive the current wages that they are receiving. He described a premium worker as someone who has a high level of preparation in the general areas of reading, speaking, mathematics, history, literature, fine arts, and science. Furthermore, a premium worker should be comfortable with new ideas and abstractions. He must also be creative and possess the imagination to come up with meaningful and useful products for the company. Premium workers must also possess the ability to solve problems by using their knowledge from various fields. Lastly, Tucker described a premium worker as someone who is a team player and can easily adapt to the various changes around him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Premium workers are products of a good and up-to-date educational system. This is the current problem of the education in the country as the current system is no longer adept with the conditions of today. To tackle this problem, Tucker suggested seven steps that can be taken to reform the American educational system. First, Tucker suggested charting a new course for student progression through the system. This requires a total reorganization of the system and opening of new educational opportunities as the students progress. Secondly, the author pointed out the need to reinvest resources where they are most needed and where they will be most efficiently used. This means that available resources should be allocated to areas of the system which can produce the greatest amount of rewards for the students. Another step is to initiate a universal preschool educational system. Tucker viewed preschool education as the foundation of school-based learning. If students are to become highly-skilled workers, they must have a good education foundation and preschool education is the integral aspect of such foundation. For teacher recruitment, Tucker suggested that schools recruit those coming from the top third of the college class. This will ensure highly-educated and competent teachers. Moreover, Tucker suggested the adoption of high-performance management modes to improve schools and districts. Also, he pointed out the need to provide strong support to disadvantaged students. Finally, he proposed the rebuilding of standards, assessment, and curriculum to reflect today’s needs and tomorrow’s requirements. In general, Marc Tucker’s article discusses the problems of the antiquated American educational system and its severe effects on the country’s labor force. I believe that there is indeed a pressing need to revamp the current educational system. Education in the country today no longer meets the needs of the economy. The labor force that the educational system produces is insufficient in terms of skills and abilities. The workers lack the necessary skills that warrant the wages they get. It is for this reason that American and international firms seem to turn to developing countries for their labor needs. If American workers are to remain deserving of the wages they receive, they must become more competent and highly-skilled. It is my opinion that the only way that the country will produce highly-skilled, creative, and innovative workers is to change the educational system. The system should focus more on the development of skills necessary for the various employment needs today. It is the right of every citizen to be properly and adequately educated in order to survive. The current system can no longer provide the educational needs of the people. The primary reason why people go to school is to prepare them for work. Since workers currently receive sub-standard education, they lack the skills and abilities that the labor market needs. Evidently, the only solution to this dilemma is, I believe, to revamp the educational system.

Transport report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Transport report - Essay Example Two core participants in the multimodal supply are identified as the management (logistic department) and the multimodal transporter chain have been discussed in details. Each of these key players is seen to have very distinct and elaborate functions to play in making multimodal supply chain a success. Lastly he benefits of using multimodal supply chains are discussed. For the purpose of description Oakley Oil Company based in U.K. has been used. A supply chain is made up of all parties concerned, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a buyer request to either supply goods or provide a certain service. The parties involved include retailers, customers and transporters. Within each supply chain, transport plays a key role of receiving and delivering a customer’s request. A warehouse’s transport means may either be by air, road, water or rail or a combination of any 2 or 3 thus a multi-modal transport chain supply. In other supply chain’s transport systems, customers order are supplied using a single means thus a uni-modal transport supply chain (â€Å"About Dept to Equity Ratio†, 2012). A customer who places an off shore order will be most likely supplied with a multi-modal transport supply chain. A multi-modal supply system is largely used by multi-national companies; however, other established companies though not multi-national may use it. To the contrary, uni-modal transport supply chains large ly serve local purchase orders because there may not be transit over vast distances. In addition, uni-modal transport supply chains chiefly serve domestic markets while, multi-modal transport supply chain, serves foreign market of exports and imports. Uni-modal transport supply chains, though, they have a number of limitations, they should be appreciated for a number of reasons. First, they help meet limited supplies of goods which cannot be economical to the multi-transport supply chains, for example Oakley Oil Company supplies motels far distances from it

Macroeconomic Situation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Macroeconomic Situation - Essay Example make up for lowering tax revenues, US local government fired various workers and educators and payrolls were lowered which hampered consumer spending (Homan, 2010). Moreover, the value of dollar is declining against many other currencies and it is expected that Fed will pursue a new round of large-scale asset purchase. Felsenthal and Costa (2010) argues that decline in the value of Dollar is the result of Fed’s easy money policy because investors moved out of dollars and invested in other currencies to achieve higher returns. They also highlighted that Federal Open Market Committee (2010) has decided to employ its own policy tools because FOMC seems to have an explicit easing bias. The inflation expectations in US are increasing and investors are showing their concerns that Federal Reserve’s efforts to revive the economy will further drive up the inflation and it is expected that Fed is going to use tools like quantitative easing (Mackenzie, 2010). Developed nations usu ally use advanced tools of monetary policy like quantitative easing which is an asset purchase program (Rashid, 2010). Therefore, if expansionary policy is pursed then it is expected that tax cut would increase the household consumer spending and government spending would stimulate the economy by improving the demand and supply sides, thereby, helping the US economy to spur its recovery. In order to recover from recession, U.S. Congress has two fiscal policy tools including tax policy and government spending. Carreira (2010) argues that debates in Washington on fiscal policy have been always over the mix of government spending and tax cuts. He argues that US Congress should adopt the Keynes model and to stimulate the US economy, government spending should increase and taxes should be cut. Treasury Secretary, Geithner’s recommendation to US Congress to extend expiring tax cuts for the middle class (Smith, 2010) is another good recommendation. Actually by bringing back Americans to work will

MPH503 - Infertility and Public Health Module 5 - SLP Essay

MPH503 - Infertility and Public Health Module 5 - SLP - Essay Example The classroom contains 20 care giving professionals with different socio –economic backgrounds. Participants have different IQ level and motor sensory skills Because of this the presentation of the class should satisfy all the participants. External environment provides immense help for the participants and the use of audio visual facilities make the more appreciative. Discussion method is suited for this context and this give the opportunity to share personal views. Lecturing and video conferencing are essential strategies in this context. Paper presentation is another instructional strategy in this context because the subject requires examples and statistical data. Case study reports are essential tool in this study and participants should presents case study reports about the persons who suffered with infertility problem. The following instructional tools are useful; The workshop begins with a brief and effective introduction and this help the listeners to enter the topic easily. Then the performer analyses the topic infertility and its causes and gender differences. After the introduction performer presents various research reports and documents about the topic. Then he invites participants for open discussion. The use of LCD projector and internet are very useful in this second face of the workshop. Presentation of the case study reports helps the participants more about social, religious, family issues related with infertility. The third face of the work shop includes discussion about various topics such as Causes of infertility, psychological and physiological impacts, possible treatments, public concepts about infertility treatments and gender difference in infertility. Researches often mentioned the fact that many people have suffered with infertility and its social impacts. Most of the physicians and health professionals argued that infertility is one of the

Trespass On The Person; Battery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Trespass On The Person; Battery - Essay Example In the case of Wilkinson v Downtan [1897] 2 QB 57Â  emotional anguish was held to be battery, irrespective of the fact that there was no physical contact with the claimant. The defendant told the claimant as a form of bad joke that her husband had been seriously injured. The claimant suffered emotional distress and had to be taken to the hospital due to the shock suffered. The person being battered may not necessary be aware of the act or the harmful nature of the action being carried out against his/her person and causation may be direct or indirect. It is further not necessary to prove damage in order to get an award. The degree of offensive or harmful standard is measured against what a reasonable man in the omnibus would deem offensive or harmful, when he analyses the contact objectively. Further battery does not have to entail physical to physical contact, this is because, touching an object that is construed to be intimately connected to another person with the owners consent is also deemed to be battery. Further, there may be a disconnect of events between the defendants actions and the plaintiff damage; and still the court will construe battery to have occurred. If for example person A sets a trap for person B in the form of a mouse trap, battery occurs when person B is actually caught in the trap. As stated earlier it not material that the victim is aware that the tort is being carried out. A good example is when a doctor is performing a caesarian section and in the process decides to and the doctor for his own personal reasons decides to take uterus, then battery has occurred. Further battery occurs when the doctor allows the his visiting housewife to help with the operation, this is because the consent to the procedure only entails persons to who the patient agreed to and not persons she could not have anticipated take part in the process. Intent is another principle relevant to the tort of trespass to the person. It means that the person carrying o ut the tortuous act desires the consequences of his action. The American law institute further echoes this definition by construing intent to mean the consequences of the act rather than the act itself. There are various types of intents depending on the nature of one’s action consequences. Specific intent refers to a situation where A intended the actions arising from his conduct. A good example is when A, loads a gun, aims and fires at B. The subjective state that person A intended the consequence of his actions. General intent on the other hand refers to a situation where the consequences are far more reaching than the original though the actor was certain, or substantially certain of a degree of consequence. Then in such a case the law will conclude that he intended the magnitude of the consequences of his action. However, if the probability of a consequence occurring are minimal, then he the law will construe that it was mere negligence. Transferred intent occurs in a si tuation where a person A intends to assault person B but in the process, batters person C. There law will transfer intentions of A as to intending to also batter C. This was established in the case of Livingston v Ministry of defenc [1984] NILR 356 , A intended to hit B with a Baton, he accidentally missed and hit C instead. It was held that A battered C. The doctrine of transfer intent occurs in the cases of assault and battery, where an intended assault becomes a battery after the

Compare and contrast Saint Martin- the french half and Sint Essay

Compare and contrast Saint Martin- the french half and Sint Maarten-the dutch half - Essay Example A few years later though Spain regained this territory, after an era of conflict, the Island fell to the hands of the Dutch and the French, who shared it between them (Geographia.com). French laws and constitution govern Saint Martin. Chief of State is the French President. The members of the Territorial Council elect president of the Territorial Council. Saint Martin also elects one seat to the French Senate. Frommer’s travel guide (Porter and Prince, 2005, p.587) has stated that Sint Maarten which used to be a sleepy Caribbean backwater, is now a booming town with its duty paid shops making it a virtual mall. Cruise-ship crowds make the scene more chaotic but all these indicate the economic upward rise of this part of the Island. But the French part of the island is much quieter. French Saint Martin is governed directly from Gaudelope and has representation in the government in Paris. (Porter and Prince, 2005, p.587). In 2003, the population of Saint Martin Island and Saint Barthelemy Island voted to secede from Gaudeloupe, the name that represented the whole Island nation. (Caribbean Net News, 2003). In 2007, the French portion of the Island also became an overseas collectivity. Saint Martin was accessed to Europian Union later via the treaty of Lisbon. (Treaty of Lisbon, 2007, p.152). Language of the Sint Maarten side is officially Dutch and The St. Martin side is officially French. But English is the most common language throughout the island. Spanish, French Patois, and Papiamento, a dialect of Netherlands Antilles are spoken by small segments of the population. It is on the Dutch islands of Aruba, Bonaire and Curasao, Papiamento is preferred as the first language (Sullivan, 2003, p.15) Dutch is the language used on Sint Maarten as the learning medium in schools and as the official administration language.

Fur elise, song created by beethoven Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fur elise, song created by beethoven - Essay Example Such actions is apparent and deeply believed because as it goes, there’s nothing to lose. Many revered artists are known for different rituals that they do for their craft. Among the most unusual include the great composer Ludwig Van Beethoven. There are many recorded anecdotes that pertain to how he goes about composing his music. This includes the composer supposedly dipping his head in cold water before writing his songs. This is said to be helpful in stimulating his brain so that he would be able to compose the many great music that we take advantage of even to this day. His love story is also something that is shrouded with mystery and romance. This creates more ambiguity and interest towards him. There comes this notion that with genius also comes the tragedy of loneliness. Like the way that poets are said to have shorter life than all other artists and people in general, it is a gift and a curse all at once. There is the apparent thought that misery goes with the extent of gift that only few are given. The pressure that people may advertently or not impose on these people. Consequently, the anxiety that the gifted themselves impose on their self to meet all expectations. Love is most often synonymous with art. The most beautiful works are born out of love. Elizabeth Barrett Browning created the most poignant poems for her love one in as much as Robert Browning did the same thing. Beethoven and his great love is one of these, a love story for the generations. One of the most recognizable music from the classic era, FÃ ¼r Elise, which literally translates to ‘For Elise’ contains the most interesting stories for its composition. Something more interesting is that the manuscript for it was found 40 years after Beethoven’s death. Its publication in 1865 immediately shot it to fame. The deep and emotional subtext of the music provokes empathy among its listeners. As a matter of fact, historians could not

The strong value of the Australian dollar and its impact on Assignment - 1

The strong value of the Australian dollar and its impact on Australia's exports about tourism - Assignment Example 102). The variations in the dollar usually come alongside different impacts on the general economy of the country. Depending on the prevailing level of elasticity, some firms are usually affected by the value of the dollar, while others benefit immensely from it (Carson, Richards & Tremblay 2005, p. 100; Gary 2006, p. 1). The export markets for various goods and services in Australia seem to be exceptional, but this is not always the case in the face of the changing value of the Australian dollar. According to the a recent survey that was done on the impact of the dollar, the value of the export markets fell down to ten places because of the appreciating value of the Australian dollar. This is according to the world ranking of export markets from Australia. It has been noted that the value of the Australian dollar has been on a steady upward since 2008 (Australian Capital Tourism Corporation 2004, p. 87). This is attributed to the prevailing economic boom as a result of the mining activities going in the country. In this respect, investigations conducted about the mining boom in other countries like China and countries in the East cannot be ignored (Nicole 2013, p.1; Robert 2013, p. 2). The increase in value of the Australian dollar has had a direct multiplier effect, meaning that other industries have equally felt it. These industries include the agricultural sector, service industry among many others. The impact of this rising value of the dollar has critically affected the tourism sector, which largely depends on people expenditure while visiting various places in the country (Tourism Research Australia. 2005, p.1 ). In general, it is a common observation that the elasticity of people’s expenditure in the process of touring various places in the country is large. For instance, foreigners income elasticity is directly related to the elasticity of

Will China Become a Superpower in the Future Essay

Will China Become a Superpower in the Future - Essay Example This essay discusses the People's Republic of China, called China in day to day parlance, that has become synonymous with the term ‘emerging superpower’ today. Whenever the world talks about China, reference is made to the country’s future global prowess. Riding high on near-double digit economic growth for the last more than three decades, China has turned from a closed, impecunious economy into a self-assured and flourishing global trading partner. China’s performance on various parameters strengthens the belief that the country indeed has the potential to become a superpower. China is the second biggest economy of the world, next only to the United States. The researcher of this essay focuses on the analysis of China’s success and a million dollar question, that looms large. Will China be able to tread the distance and be able to shed the ‘emerging superpower’ tag and actually become a ‘superpower’? It is mentioned that w hile there are parameters on which China has scored wonderfully well to be termed as a hot contender for becoming a superpower, there are many challenges in the way, such as the rate of urbanization, safe drinking water, it's citizens and the villages. These challenges are truly daunting and are prevalent in the economic, social, demographic and political environment of the country. The researcher then states a conclusion of the aforesaid discussion, that is China is not, and will not be a Superpower. At best, it will be an influential power on the world stage.

The Cask of Amontillado Essay Example for Free

The Cask of Amontillado Essay In Edgar Allan Poe’s horrific tale of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† readers witness a journey of two people wondering through an underground graveyard leading to a tragic and twisted end. Most readers assume that the character of Montresor is a male figure. All of the actions of Montresor, throughout the course of the story, are full capabilities of a woman. It could be possible that our two characters had a love affair before our gruesome tale plays out. Let us say that Montresor is a mistress of Fortunado. He insults her in front of another man, couple, or lover publicly; as it is never said what the insult is specifically. Upon this insult Montresor, our female character, is so enraged with adrenaline and emotion that she plots a plan to show Fortunado that she is a force to be reckoned with. While the adrenaline pulses through her veins she disassembles the wall with ease and preps it for the demise of the unsuspecting enemy. As most have heard or witnessed in everyday life, powerful surges of adrenaline can cause people to do tasks they normally would have no strength to accomplish. As she lures our ironically unfortunate Fortunado through the musty, damp tunnel of underground, she taunts him. Or could this be her feminine compassion coming to the surface of the reality that is to be Fortunado’s fate? As she continues to suggest turning around on the journey, she comforts him and his cold as though she could be having second thoughts. Montresor has a compassionate heart and conscious. A man would rarely show these traits. Finally, she has him right where she wants the insulting character. The taste of revenge returns. She remembers why she has brought our victim to his bone chilling demise. She replays the time or countless times that Fortunado has insulted her publicly and she shows him what he deserves. Bone by bone, she finds pleasurable satisfaction in her plan. As the saying goes, â€Å"Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned†.

Causes and Effects of Climate Change Essay

Causes and Effects of Climate Change Essay The earth climates nowadays is changing very rapidly and differently. Besides that, the climate changes in our earth are affecting our lives psychologically, physically and emotionally. What is climate change? Climate change is the seasonal changes for a long period of time in the world. These climate patterns play an important role in shaping natural ecosystems, and the human economies and cultures that depend on them. For example, the changes in climate can affect how people, plants and animal live, such as food production and health risks. As the earths climate is dynamic and always changing through a natural cycle, the world is now worried about the changes that occurring today have been speeding up and seriously affecting humans lives. All across the world, people are taking action to prevent climate change. For example, in 2007, scientists from the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicted that warming oceans and melting glaciers due to global warming and climate c hange could cause sea levels to rise 7-23 inches by the year 2100. So, some islands and some small countries will be flooded by the sea water and even disappeared very soon. Because of this, we must take action as soon as possible to try to solve this problem or to prevent the more serious of climate changes occur. Im interested in this topic because the climate changes in our country or this world are too serious and its interesting to discuss and try to fix the problem. However, what are the causes and effects of climate changes that affecting our lives and environment? There are two main causes of climate changes natural causes and human activities. Natural causes have influenced the earths climates such as volcanic eruptions, ocean current, the earths orbital changes and solar variations. The eruptions of volcanoes cause a cooling effect on the earth. When a volcano erupts it throws out large volumes of sulphur dioxide (SO2), water vapour, dust, and ash into the atmosphere. The volcano eruptions will affect the climatic pattern for years although the eruptions occur in a few days. The sulphur dioxide gas will reach the upper level of the atmosphere. The tiny particles, dusts and ashes will block the incoming sun rays and this will leads to cooling at the atmosphere. This is because the bouncing of sunlight to the space is cooling the atmosphere of the earth. Furthermore, ocean current is one of the natural cause that affecting climate changes. The ocean is the major component of the climate system. The oceans cover about 71% of the earth and absorb about twice as much of the suns radiation as the atmosphere or the land surface. Winds push horizontally against the sea surface and drive ocean current patterns. Besides that, the oceans also play an important role of the concentration of carbon dioxide. The changes in ocean circulation will affect the climate through the movement of carbon dioxide into or out of the atmosphere. Moreover, another cause that affects climate changes is the earths orbital changes. The earth makes one full orbit around the sun every year. If there is no tilt we will not experience seasons. Changes in the tilt of the earth can affect the severity of the seasons. For example, if there is more tilt means we will experience warmer summers and colder winters and if there is less tilt means we will experience cooler su mmers and milder winters. Another main cause that leads to climate changes is human activities. From the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution saw the large-scale use of fossil fuels for industrial activities. Therefore, they created many jobs for the people. And many people moved from rural areas to cities. Many vegetation areas were cleared to become houses or factories for industries. Natural resources are being used extensively for construction, industries, transport, and consumption. All this has contributed to the rises of greenhouse gases such as methane and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere. Human is generating industries factories and houses, and running the vehicles that used many fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gases. These uses of fossil fuel will leads to climate changes. Global climate change is caused by the fertiliser that used for agricultures. The result of microbial action in the soil, these chemical will release nitrous oxide. Besides that, the emission of methane and carbon dio xide will also affect climate changes. In addition, the increasing of agriculture is also caused by the increasing of human population in the world. All the causes are giving a great impact for climate changes in our earth. What are the consequences of these causes for the climate changes to our world? We can see that there are three main effects on climate changes in our environment. Firstly, climate change in the world will affects human health. There are so many past researches showed that climate change will leads to human health and producing diseases. For example, in the research paper by Healey et al., 2010 that I have read said that the climate change is affecting the health of northern people such as Nunavut, Canada. Besides that, Cecchi et al. (2010) have conducted the research on the effects of climate change on allergic asthma. Moreover, Mickley, 2007 stated that high levels of surface ozone and particles have been implicated in many diseases involving the cardiac and respiratory systems. These researches showed that the climate changes are seriously affecting the humans health. Secondly, climate changes will also affect the biodiversity. Biodiversity is very important for the plants and animals to maintain their habitat and ecosystem. The climate changes have impacted the loss of biodiversity. For example, the water sources may change, the food chain may destroy and the medicine sources may change. In addition, the marine ecosystem will be affected not only by an increase in sea temperature but also ocean acidification, which increases the vulnerability of fragile ecosystems such as coral reefs. Furthermore, climate changes also will affect humans mind and behaviour psychologically. Climate changes will affect humans behaviour such as consumption, energy use and population growth. Besides that, climate changes also impact psychosocial and mental health including stress, guilty, anxiety to adapt and cope with the new changing weathers. The climate changes will cause the increase of social disorder such as post traumatic disorder, suicide, stress, abuse, violence and anxiety. Therefore, climate changes will be giving a great impact on the humans psychological lives. Discussion As we can see how the causes and effects of climate changes that occur in our world and this topic was concerned by the worldwide. So, what are the solutions and method that we can prevent climate changes or solve the problems that we are having now? Actually there are some solutions that our government, community and society can do. Firstly, the government can help the communities and businesses to reduce deforestation, plant new trees in the forest and empty land, earn sustainable livelihoods and adapt to changing climatic conditions. Next, teachers in lecturers in schools and colleges must give the knowledge of how to protect our earth from the very young age of the children and students. One of the reasons that caused the climate changes is the emission of carbon dioxide from the vehicles. Therefore, we can reduce the uses of vehicles and car-pooling in our daily lives. Besides that, at home, we can switch our light bulbs to energy efficient bulbs and turn off the light when we a re not using it or after using it. Conclusion As a conclusion, we can see there are many effects of climate changes that seriously affecting our environment, health and biodiversities. If we still have not take any actions to prevent the climate changes, our mother earth will be become sick more seriously. Furthermore, when the deforestation continuing occurs, there will be having many different consequences to our environment. Climate changes will also leads to psychological problem such as post traumatic disorder, stress, anxiety and violence among the communities. So, to protect our environment and give our next generation to have a better place to stay, we must always know how to prevent the climate changes such as stop cutting off the trees, save energy, car-pooling, etc. Therefore, let us together to protect and love our beautiful mother earth that given by God and try to keep her healthy as long as we can.

The Connections In Physical Structure Information Technology Essay

The Connections In Physical Structure Information Technology Essay Two or more computers connected together and they able to share the data and other resources, then we can say that the computers in the network. Networks are two types Wireless Network. Wired Network. Wireless Network: wireless communication is one the fastest-growing technology. Connection using some telecommunication network whose inter connections between nodes is implemented without the use of physical cable. Radio waves are used to transmit the data between computes. Wired connection: wired connection means connection through a physical cable (back bone). There are two types of connections in physical structure. Point to point Multipoint. Point to point: The point to point provides a dedicated connection between two devices .the entire capacity of the link is reserved for transmission the data between those two devices only. Multipoint: a multipoint connection is one in Network Topologies: The term topology refers to the way in which a network is laid out. Two are more computers connected through a cable to a link; two are more links from topology. Topology of a network is representation of the connection of all links and nodes together. There are basically 4 types of topologies are possible Bus Topology: In bus topology using a single cable to connect all devices. One long cable acts as a backbone to link all the devices in a network. Devices are connected to the bus cable by drop lines and taps. A drop line is a connection running between the systems/nodes and main cable. A tap is a connector that either splices into main cable or punctures the sheathing of a cable to create a contact with the metallic core. As a signal travel along the cable, some of its energy is transformed in to heat. Therefore, it become weaker as it travels tap to tap. Because of that we have a limited number of taps. And have to maintain proper distance between those taps. The advantage of bus topology includes ease of installation. The cable which is used as a backbone is laid along the most sufficient path, and then connected to the nodes by drop lines of various lengths. Because of that, a bus uses the less hardware compared to other topologies like ring star mesh. The main advantage of this network is redundancy will be eliminated. The disadvantage of this network is it will be helpful if we have a limited number of devices. If more than few dozen computers will be added to the cable, performance will become low. If cable fails, the entire network becomes unusable. Ring Topology: In a ring network, every system will connect exactly with the two neighbors for communication purpose. All messages travel through a ring in the same direction (clock wise or anticlockwise). If any cable or device breaks the loop and can take down the entire network. A ring is relatively easy to install. To add or delete a device we require only two connections. Generally in the ring network, information will go every time repeatedly. If one device does not working properly it gives an alarm. The alarm alerts the network operator to problem and where it happen Anyhow, unidirectional traffic can be a disadvantage. In a simple ring network a brake in the ring will disable the entire network. This problem will be achieved by switch cable of closing off the break. Star Topology: in a star topology each device will connect to a central hub. The devices are not directly connected with each other. The hub acts like a central server, if one device wants to send the data to another, its sends the data to the hub which then relay the information to another connected device Each device needs only one link and one I/O port to connect it to any number of hubs. Thatà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s why it is very is to install and reconfigure. Less cable is needed to configure the star topology .and additions moves and deletions are very easy. Between the hub and device. If Tree Topology: tree network topology is a central node is connected to one or more other nodes that are one level lower in the hierarchy. It is combination of the bus and the Star Topologies. The tree like structure will allows you to have many servers on the network and you can branch out the network in many ways. Levant systems in their own network and yet connect to the big network in some way. Mesh Topology: In mesh topology every device has a direct link to all devices in the network. If a device wants some data information will pass between those only directly, the main advantage of this topology is redundancy will be redjuced . Calcutation of how many nodes will connected to a mesh topology: In mesh each node must connected with another nodes (ie node 1 will connect to the n-1 nodes). We need n(n-1) physical links.however, If each physical link allows communication in both dirrections (duplex mode). We can devide the number of links by 2. In other words we can say that in a mesh topology , we need n(n-1)/2 Suppose if we are connecting 15 nodes in a mesh topology, then the number of cables required; N = n (n-1)/2 N = Number of cables = 15 (15 à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1)/2 n = Node = 15*14/2 = 15*7 = 105 So the total number of cables required for connecting 15 nodes = 105. OSI MODEL: OSI model is established in 1947, (Open System Interconnection Reference Model) That covers all the aspect of network communications is the open system interconnection model. It was first introduced in 1970à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s. An open system is a set of protocols that allows any two different systems to communicate regardless of their underlying architecture. The purpose of OSI model is to show how a facility communication between the systems without changing their logic of understanding and designing a network architecture that is flexible, and transferable. It is developed as part of open system interconnection. In its most basic form it consists of seven separate but related layers. The OSI model is a layered framework for design of network systems that allows communication between all types of computer systems. It consists of seven layers, each of which defines a part of the process of moving information across the network. http://homepages.ius.edu/RWISMAN/B438/HTML/ch1_8.jpg Physical layer: physical layer coordinates the functions required to carry a bit stream over a physical link. It deals with mechanical and electrical specifications of interface and transmission medium. This layer deals with the physical devices of the media being used to transmit the information. The physical layer notifies the data link layer that a frame has been received and passes it up. The physical layer is responsible for movements of individual bits from one node to next node. DATA LINK LAYER: The data link layer transforms the physical layer, a raw transmission facility to a reliable link. The data link layer deals with providing one or more data link connections between two or more network entities. Data link layer performs the error check discards the frame if an error is detected. The responsibilities of the data link layer are Framing, Error control, Flow control, Access control. NETWORK LAYER: Network layer is responsible for the source-to-destination delivery of a data, possible across multiple networks. The layer provides switching and routing facilities. Creating the logical circuits for transmitting the data from node to node. If two systems are connected to a same link, there is no need of network layer. If two systems are connected to different networks there is often required the network layer to complete the transmission between sources to destination. The other responsibilities of the network layer are logical addressing, routing etc. TRANSPORT LAYER: Transport layer Manages source-to-destination message delivery in network. Provides reliable and sequential packet transfer through error recovery and flow control mechanisms Provides connectionless oriented data (packet) transfer. The main responsibilities of transport layer are service point addressing, segmentation and reassembly, connection control, flow control. SESSION LAYER: In some processes the physical, data link and network layers are not provide sufficient Service. The session layer is network dialog controller. The session layer responsibilities are synchronization and dialog control. PRESENTATION LAYER: The presentation layer deals with the syntax and semantics of the information exchanged between two systems. It masks the differences of data formats between dissimilar systems. The presentation layer is responsible for translation, compression and encryption. Presentation layer will encodes and decodes data; encrypts and decrypts the data; compresses and decompresses data. APPLICATION LAYER: APPLICATION LAYER enables the user, access the network. Interface to user processes for communication and data transfer in network Provides standardized services such as virtual terminal, file and job transfer and operations application layer is responsible for providing service to the user.

A Biomechanical Analysis of the Roundhouse Kick :: essays research papers

Anatomical Analysis Tae Kwon Do is a Korean, unarmed martial art and is best known for its kicks (Park, 2001). The roundhouse kick is a turning kick and happens to be the most commonly used kick during competition (Lee, 1996). For this reason, the roundhouse kick will be analyzed in reference to sparring competition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The roundhouse kick, a multiplanar skill, starts with the kicking leg traveling in an arc towards the front with the knee in a chambered position (Pearson, 1997). The knee is extended in a snapping movement, striking the opponent with the top of the foot. One’s goal would be to make front torso contact with the kick, while avoiding leaving one’s self open to a counter strike.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movements that comprise the roundhouse kick begin with a fighting stance: both feet on the ground, toes pointing straight ahead, back foot turned outside up to 22 degrees, front foot approximately 1.5 the distance of one step from the back foot, both feet approximately one length of one foot apart, extension of both legs, slight rotation of the torso in the direction of the back leg, fists held in front of the chest, flexion at the shoulders by about 45 degrees, flexion at the elbow by about 60 degrees, and flexion of the fingers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One initiates the preparatory phase of the roundhouse kick from the fighting stance: rotation of the torso in the direction of the front leg, flexion and abduction at the hip, flexion at the knee of the back leg which brings the knee to the torso and maintains a minimal relative angle at the knee to the thigh, plantar flexion of the foot, and lateral flexion of the spine toward the ground away from the kicking leg (Table 1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fighter is then ready to initiate the movement phase: extension at the knee with a relative angle to the thigh of about 180 degrees, lateral rotation of the grounded foot between 90 and 120 degrees, and additional lateral flexion of the spine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After attempting to make contact with the opponent, the fighter immediately follows up with the recovery phase: flexion at the knee, lateral flexion of the spine opposite the aforementioned direction, during a slight rotation of the torso, extension of the hip, and dorsiflexion of the foot. This brings the fighter back into the fighting stance with the opposite leg in the front and is now ready to perform the next strike or counterstrike.

Bowling for Columbine Essay -- essays research papers

Bowling for Columbine   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 2002 Michael Moore’s film â€Å"Bowling for Columbine† won the Oscar for best documentary. Unfortunately, in my opinion I do not believe that this movie is a documentary or truth. Bowling for Columbine is FICTION! The movie makes its points by easily deceiving and misleading the viewer. Moore uses deception as its primary tool of persuasion and effect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A major theme in Bowling for Columbine is that the NRA is coldhearted towards the killings. In the movie Charlton Heston (President of the NRA) comes to Denver to hold a large pro-gun rally for the National Rifle Association. During Heston’s speech he reads a message from the mayor of Denver that states, â€Å" Don't come here. We don't want you here.† Heston then ...

Pervasive Computing: IBMs Autonomic System and the Cautions Necessary

Pervasive Computing: IBM's Autonomic System and the Cautions Necessary Pervasive computing is here. It is being integrated into our society in as many ways that can be thought up. Chips are popping up in everyday objects. Cars, planes, ships, phones, PDA’s, refrigerators, and soon a person’s hat, shoes, and clothing. This is all well and good, the advancement of technology is something that has always and will always be a constant in our culture. The need for more interconnectivity is becoming more apparent in business, schools, and personal lives. IBM is working on a project, called Autonomic Computing, which will create a universal standard for technology and the integration of electronic devices. One of their claims for the necessity of the project is a quote, â€Å"Civilization advances by extending the number of important operations which we can perform without thinking about them." - Alfred North Whitehead. They say that we make cultural advances by taking the processes and procedures we have now and automating them, thus giv ing the freedom to explore new and unique ways to complete the left over processes and procedures. The advancement of the culture is a necessity for any society, but the relinquishment of control of certain processes has to be regulated. IBM says that the problem is because of the rapid expansion of information and technology we as humans cannot keep up with the increase. Access to information is becoming rampant through the creation of wireless and handheld devices. These devices need a standard of production and connection to provide the greatest effect. IBM’s solution is a computer network that is â€Å"flexible, accessible, and transparent.† (The Solution, IBM Research) The system will... ...lems are cause for worry. Humans ultimately need to have the control over the system, having the option to monitor and observe the system, limit its sphere of influence, or completely deactivate the system. Bibliography 1. http://www.research.ibm.com/autonomic/ Autonomic computing; IBM, 2. http://www.doorsofperception.com/projects/chi/ â€Å"The design challenge of pervasive computing,† John Thackara Doors of Perception, April 2000.. 3. http://www.nathan.com/thoughts/unified/unified.pdf Information Interaction Design: A Unified Field Theory of Design, Nathan Shedroff, Chief Creative Officer, vivid studios, 1994 4. Halligan, Tom., (1999) â€Å"Lose the remote, take in some oxygen.† Electronic Design. p. 16 (database: Applied Science & Technology Abstracts 1983 – Present) 5. Electronics industry index from www.encyclopedia.com

Reggie Bush Scandal

Reggie Bush: Is He to Blame for USC’s Sanctions? â€Å"What happened to the days young children could look up to their sports heroes with pride and think that they someday would want to be just like them? †, (Finnegan 4). This question is now being asked more often than ever. The sports stars we look up to and admire are surrounded by talks of cheating. One prime example of this happening is the case of Reggie Bush. Reggie Bush was a running back at the University of Southern California. At USC, he acquired many awards and he broke many records.Bush, along with Coach Pete Carroll, led USC to the top of the college football world (Gray 3). On January 4, 2005, USC defeated Oklahoma in the BCS National Championship 55-19. Bush accounted 149 total yards (Timeline 4). On December 11, 2005, Bush won the Heisman Trophy. He received the second most first-place votes in the award’s history, second behind OJ Simpson (Timeline 18). On January 4, 2006, Bush and USC lost to V ince Young and the Texas Longhorns 41-38 in the BCS National Championship game.Bush, however, accounted for 279 total yards and one touchdown (Timeline 21). Bush is alleged to have taken money and illegal benefits from multiple sources during his USC career. These allegations were viewed by the NCAA and were determined to be true. Therefore, USC encountered many penalties, which were considered by many too harsh. The NCAA says that they wanted to make an example of Bush and USC. Reggie Bush is not to blame for the allegations against him and, as a result, the sanctions against USC.Instead, his step-father, LaMar Griffin, is at fault in this situation. Griffin abused Reggie Bush’s future potential in order to gain illegal benefits. Bush was used as a scape-goat by Griffin and is now being falsely punished. Griffin should incur all of these punishments, not Bush. However, the real damage to Bush is his loss of proper standing in society’s view, which cannot be fully reco vered even if he is found innocent. A popular topic of conversation in college sports is whether college athletes should be paid to play or not.College athletes are considered student-athletes. This means that their first duty in college is to be a student, then to be an athlete. Student-athletes graduate at a higher rate than any other general student body group. They get to enjoy levels of engagement in academics and the community, as well as their athletics. After they are done with college, many athletes claimed to have positive feelings about their overall athletic and academic experiences in college (Why 3). There is a group of people that believe student-athletes should be paid to play.They say that the student-athletes generate income for the university and should be compensated for their efforts. The other group thinks that student-athletes should not be paid. They say that intercollegiate sports include many different sports. And of those sports, the expenses will outweigh the revenue (with the exception of some larger Division-1 schools) (Why 4). The pro-payment to collegiate athletes group says that they should eliminate the non-revenue sports from the equation. Then the college should pay the athletes that play the sports that make the college money.Of these programs, 30% of Division-1 football programs and 26% of Division-1 basketball programs actually make the college money (Why 5). This makes the argument for the payment of collegiate student-athletes very hard to agree with. There is not enough revenue to give the players proper payment. And besides, they are called student-athletes for a reason. College sports include a group of people that help to support the programs of the college. Each program has its own group, which is called a booster club.The members of the clubs, called boosters, help raise or donate money for the programs. A booster has made financial contributions to the booster club or the athletics program in general. They are in volved in providing benefits to prospects or enrolled student-athletes. They are also involved in promoting the university. For example, the can purchase season tickets. The rule about being a booster is that once you are a booster, you will always be considered a booster (Razorback 1). There are things that a booster can and cannot do.A booster can speak to a prospect via phone only if the prospect initiates the call and the call is not for recruiting purposes. A booster can attend high school and junior college athletic events. Boosters are allowed to discuss summer employment arrangements with a prospect after he has signed a national letter of intent. Also, it is proper to attend a public event where the prospect is in attendance (as long as no attempts to recruit the prospect are made). They can send newspaper articles or other information to about prospects (that would be of interest) to the university’s athletic department.They are also able to engage in normal activit ies with prospects and their parents if they are family friends (once again, as long as no attempts to recruit the prospect are made (Razorback 3). There are also many things a booster cannot do. They cannot provide a student-athlete any benefits or special arrangements, provide room or board or transportation during the summer if that student-athlete (or their family and friends) still has eligibility, or expend funds to entertain student-athletes (or their family or friends).A booster is unable to use an enrolled student-athlete to advertise a commercial good or service, use an enrolled student-athlete to promote a good cause (unless okayed by the Compliance Office), provide any payment or loan of an automobile, or provide awards or gifts to the student-athlete (or his family or friends) for his athletic performance, unless it has been approved by the athletic department and it meets NCAA award requirements (Razorback 2). The Reggie Bush scandal led to many sanctions against his c ollege, the University of Southern California.The sanctions that went directly against Bush were that he must be disassociated from USC athletics and all of the statistics acquired by Bush in games where the NCAA deemed Bush ineligible due to rules violations were vacated. USC also inherited sanctions due to this scandal. They are banned from postseason play after the 2010 and 2011 seasons, lose 30 total scholarships over the 2011-2013 seasons, and they are on four years of probation with the NCAA.Also, all of USC’s victories from December of 2004 until the end of the 2005 season (including USC’s National Championship win over Oklahoma) and must vacate all titles, trophies, and banners won during the games where Bush was deemed ineligible by the NCAA (Robinson and Cole 2). The one thing that the NCAA has no control over through their sanctions is the BCS bowl games or in the Heisman voting. The NCAA has no jurisdiction over the 2004 BCS trophy or Bush’s 2005 Hei sman Trophy. The decisions to remove these trophies are up to the BCS and the Heisman Trust, respectively (Robinson and Cole 4).The NCAA has forced a school to vacate a national championship seven times, although none of those times were in major sports (Wetzel, â€Å"BCS† 2). â€Å"The fear has always been that by vacating a national championship, the NCAA would be telling the American public that the season it just witnessed was a fraud. But the same thing applies when clear standards aren’t held, when the kids who didn’t take are played a fool†, Dan Wetzel writes (Wetzel, â€Å"Take† 2). This quote speaks truth, in that the NCAA not only has a responsibility to pleasing its fans, but also to keeping the game fair for all. New Era, a sports agency ounded with the goal of building clientele around Reggie Bush, was created on November 23, 2005 (Timeline 15). The idea of New Era Sports was allegedly thought up by LaMar Griffin, Bush’s stepfat her. In September of 2004, Griffin allegedly approached Lloyd Lake about creating the agency (Timeline 1). A month later, Griffin and Lake approach Michael Michaels, a member of the Sycuan Indian tribe, about creating New Era Sports and Entertainment (Timeline 2). Now that Lake and Michaels had agreed to make this agency with Griffin, the three decided to bring the idea to the Sycuan Indian tribe, to form a partnership with them in New Era.The Sycuan Indian tribe denies the offer, however, and the group is left to form this agency on their own (Timeline 13). The scandal between Bush and New Era would soon begin. There are many occurrences that make Bush look guilty. On March 4, 2005, Bush went to Marshall Faulk’s (St. Louis Rams’ running back) birthday party in San Diego. Bush stayed in a suite at the Manchester Grand Hyatt for two days. The expenses of $1574. 86 were covered using Michaels’ credit card (Timeline 5). Six days later, Bush stayed at the Venetian R esort and Casino in Las Vegas for two days. The cost was $623. 3, which was all paid for on Michaels’ credit card (Timeline 6). In the spring of 2005, New Era gave Bush almost $13000 to purchase a black-on-black 1996 Chevy Impala SS in Los Angeles (Timeline 9). During September of 2005, Lake and Michaels visited Bush in the USC locker room after a football game. This would be the first of at least two locker room visits by New Era (Timeline 11). All of this information points to Reggie Bush as being guilty. However, there are also things that make Bush seem innocent. Bush’s stepfather, LaMar Griffin, went out and made New Era to be centralized around Bush.New Era, which is alleged to have given up to one hundred thousand dollars in cash and girts to bush and his family illegally (Key 2). When the relationship between Bush and New Era ended in December of 2005, New Era fizzled out (Timeline 19). Both Lloyd Lake and Michael Michaels are suing the Bush family for the bene fits and for the firm’s failure (Key 3). In November of 2004, the Griffins used Bush’s future signing with the firm as leverage to gain illegal benefits. They were able to have Michaels pay off twenty-eight thousand dollars in debt for the Griffins (Timeline 3).These facts are leading to LaMar Griffin abusing his stepson’s talent and value to gain these illegal benefits. It makes Bush look like the victim, not the culprit. On March 29, 2005, Michael Michaels purchased a beautiful three thousand and two square foot home in Spring Valley, California, about thirteen miles east of San Diego. It cost Michaels seven hundred and fifty-seven thousand dollars (Timeline 7). The home was located at the corner of Apple Street and Luther Avenue. It was built in the late 2004’s and early 2005’s (Robinson 2).In April of 2005, Bush’s family was having financial troubles with their residence. Michaels allowed them to move into the Spring Valley home he had p urchased just a month earlier (Timeline 8). After a few months, Bush’s family is unable to keep up on their payments for the home. They tell Michaels that they will pay using their share of the profits New Era will make once Bush declares for the NFL Draft and is able to sign with the firm (Timeline 10). Finally, almost a whole year after they moved in, Bush’s family received an eviction notice from New Era, requiring them to leave the home (Timeline 27).Information that linked the Spring Valley home to Michael Michaels began to arise. On April 20, 2006, Denise Griffin, Bush’s mother, was approached about this connection, but she refused to comment. Not even twenty-four hours later, the Griffins abruptly move out and take with them twelve thousand dollars in home furnishings provided by Michaels. The University of Southern California then asked the Pac-10 to investigate the Spring Valley home and its ties to Bush and New Era (Timeline 29). After this scandal, it seemed Bush was definitely guilty, but Bush did not receive any benefits from the Spring Valley home.The Griffins received all of the illegal benefits which make it seem like Bush is not at fault in this particular situation. Soon after, Bush would begin his career in the NFL. On January 12, 2006, Reggie Bush declared for the NFL Draft (Timeline 22). Later that month, Bush hired Mike Ornstein to be his marketing representative and Joel Segal to negotiate his NFL contract (Timeline 23). On April 24, 2006, the NCAA joined the investigation of Reggie Bush and New Era. Later that day, Houston Texans general manager Charles Casserly called Bush and left him a voicemail.Casserly asked for Bush to explain the Spring Valley home and its ties to him, his family, and New Era (Timeline 30). The next day, Casserly calls Bush again. Bush answered the phone, but was about to get onto a plane so he could not continue the conversation further. Bush says he will call Casserly when he arrives in Nor th Carolina (Timeline 31). A day later, Bush called Casserly back, but did not get into specifics about the Spring Valley home. Bush only tells Casserly, â€Å"It will be taken care of in a couple of days†, (Timeline 32). David Cornwell, Bush’s attorney, turns over evidence of an extortion plot by New Era against Reggie Bush.Bush continued to deny knowledge of any ties between the Spring Valley home, his family, and New Era. Also on April 28, 2006, The Houston Texans pass on Bush with the number one overall draft pick. Instead, they choose defensive end Marion Williams from North Carolina State. Casserly says that Bush’s refusal to discuss the Spring Valley home controversy did play a role in their decision to not select him in the NFL Draft (Timeline 33). Mike Ornstein, who was hired in January of 2006 by Bush to be his marketing representative, was involved in yet another scandal surrounding Reggie Bush (Timeline 23).The relationship between Bush and Ornstein began in the summer of 2005 when Bush was an intern for Ornstein as a Reebok consultant (Timeline 10). Ornstein is alleged to have also given Bush illegal benefits (Key 6). The scandal began when Ornstein started working for clients and not giving CWC Sports, where he was employed, a cut. The head of CWC Sports, Lee Pfiefer, is in the midst of suing Ornstein for breach of contract of the partnership in CWC Sports. He is attempting to get half of the profits Ornstein gained form the stolen clientele, including Reggie Bush (Key 9).James Fritz, another employee of CWC Sports, used his credit card to pay for the travel of Bush’s family to Oakland. He still works for Ornstein and refuses to comment on the allegations against him and Ornstein (Key 10). Once Ornstein became an adviser to the Bush family in interviewing prospective agents, the scandal started to be seen by the media (Timeline 14). On December 29, 2005, Ornstein requested a $500000 advance on a memorabilia contract th at New Jersey sports memorabilia dealer Bob DeMartino had proposed for Bush (Timeline 20).Most of this information leads one to believe Bush is guilty. However, it is not recognized that Bush still has not received any direct benefits form Ornstein. All of the benefits went to the Griffins. The main argument that defends Reggie Bush has to deal with his stepfather, LaMar Griffin. LaMar is alleged to have started the idea to make the firm New Era Sports and Entertainment, and to have it centralized around Bush. He is also alleged to have used Bush’s future potential to gain illegal benefits. The courts, however, have left the issue of whether the llegations against him are true and they are targeting all of the lawsuits against the entire Bush family, including LaMar Griffin and Reggie Bush (Key 5).On December 10, 2005, Mike Ornstein bought suits for LaMar Griffin and Reggie Bush’s brother. Ornstein also buys Denise Griffin, Bush’s mother, a makeover and purchase s a limo for the three of them (Timeline 16). The most incriminating piece of evidence against LaMar Griffin was discovered on December 12, 2005. LaMar Griffin showed a New Era brochure to a reporter form the San Diego Union-Tribune. â€Å"New Era is a new company opening- they sent me a brochure, they’re here in San Diego! claimed Griffin (Timeline 17). LaMar Griffin promoted New Era and did not say that he had any connections with the firm. In fact, he acts surprised by the firm’s opening and encourages all to invest in it. He is attempting to fool the American public into funding a firm that he uses to gain benefits by abusing his stepson’s future potential. This makes LaMar Griffin the primary suspect in the Reggie Bush scandals, instead of Reggie Bush himself. Reggie Bush has endured many allegations and lawsuits against him. Through all of these, however, he has remained positive and strong.He continues, to this day, to deny all of the allegations against him (Key 1). Bush’s attorney, David Cornwell, still represents Bush and also claims that Bush was never involved in any of these allegations (Key 8). In early February of 2006, Bush attempted to settle with Michael Michaels. Cornwell, on behalf of Bush, offered Michaels a $100000 settlement. Michaels, though, decides to deny the settlement and pursue the case against Bush further (Timeline 25). On February 13, 2006, as a rebuttal to Bush’s settlement offer, Michael Michaels offers Bush a settlement.Brian Watkins, on behalf of Michaels, offers Bush a $3200000 settlement (Timeline 26). Reggie Bush is not to blame for the allegations against him and, as a result, the sanctions against USC. Instead, his step-father, LaMar Griffin, is at fault in this situation. Griffin abused Reggie Bush’s future potential in order to gain illegal benefits. Bush was used as a scape-goat by Griffin and is now being falsely punished. Griffin should incur all of these punishments, not Bush. However, the real damage to Bush is his loss of proper standing in society’s view, which cannot be fully recovered even if he is found innocent.In conclusion, Reggie Bush is not at fault in the scandal surrounding him. LaMar Griffin used Bush for his own selfish purposes and is letting Bush take the fall for it. Bush may be able to prove that he is innocent of these crimes. He may be able to not incur these large punishments for such heinous crimes. One thing he cannot change, though, is how the American public now vies him. At one time, Reggie Bush was a household name. He was known for his blazing speed and electrifying kick returns. Now, Reggie Bush is still a household name, but not for the same reasons.Now his name is covered in scandal and controversy. He may never be able to return to being on the public’s good side. That, out of anything, is the biggest shame: that a college student-athlete’s own family would use them for selfish gain that could j eopardize his career. Bush, however, is on his way to recovering his image. He was quoted to say about the Heisman Trophy, â€Å"Each individual carries the legacy of the award and each one is entrusted with its good name. It is for these reasons that I have made the difficult decision to forfeit my title as Heisman winner of 2005† (Lamport-Stokes 3).Some say that this statement proves Bush is guilty and that he would rather turn himself in than get caught. But another way to look at this is that Reggie Bush has the utmost respect for the Heisman Trophy and all it represents. He would rather forfeit his title than let allegations against him blemish the good name of the award. In that sense, he is the complete opposite of LaMar Griffin, who used Bush.Works Cited Finnegan, Lauren. â€Å"Reggie Bush Scandal: By Far Not the First or Last in Sports- Yahoo! News. † The Top News Headlines on Current Events from Yahoo! News- Yahoo! News. 8 Sept. 2010. Web. 9 Sept. 2010. <h ttp://news. yahoo. com/s/ac/20100908/cm_ac/6748812_reggie_bush_scandal_by_far_not_the_first_or_last_in_ sports>. Gray, Madison. â€Å"USC Trojans Get Black Eye Over Reggie Bush Scandal- TIME NewsFeed. † TIME NewsFeed- Breaking News and Updates. Web. 19 Sept. 2010. <http://newsfeed. time. com/2010/06/10/usc-trojans-get-black-eye-over-reggie-bush-scandal/>. â€Å"The Key Figures- Reggie Bush Investigation- Yahoo! Sports. † College Sports- Rivals. com. 14 Sept. 2010. Web. 19 Sept. 2010. <http://rivals. yahoo. com/ncaa/football/news? slug=ys-bush_cast>. Lamport-Stokes, Mark. Reggie Bush to Forfeit Heisman Trophy- Yahoo! News. † The Top News Headlines on Current Events from Yahoo! News- Yahoo! News. Ed. Justin Palmer. 14 Sept. 2010. Web. 19 Sept. 2010. <http://news. yahoo. com/s/nm/us_nfl_bush_heisman>. â€Å"Razorback Foundation/ Booster Guide to NCAA Rules. † Razorback Foundation/ Main Page. Web. 19 Sept. 2010. <http://www. razorbackfo undation. com/ncaa. htm>. Robinson, Charles and Jason Cole. â€Å"USC Hit Hard by NCAA Sanctions- College Football- Rivals. com. † College Sports- Rivals. com. 10 June 2010. Web. 19 Sept. 2010. <http://rivals. yahoo. om/ncaa/football/news? slug=ys-uscpenalties061010>. Works Cited Robinson, Charles. â€Å"Yahoo! Sports Report: Reggie Bush’s Family Home- Yahoo! Sports. † Yahoo! Sports- Sports News, Scores, Rumors, Fantasy Games, and More. 23 Apr. 2010. Web. 19 Sept. 2010. <http://sports. yahoo. com/nfl/news? slug=cr-bush042306>. â€Å"The Timeline- Reggie Bush Investigation- Yahoo! Sports. † College Sports: Rivals. com. 14 Sept. 2010. Web. 19 Sept. 2010. <http://rivals. yahoo. com/ncaa/football/news? slug=ys-bush_timeline>. Wetzel, Dan. â€Å"BCS Officials: Ineligible Bush Could Dethrone USC- College Football- Rivals. om† College Sports: Rivals. com. 28 Apr. 2006. Web. 19 Sept. 2010. <http://rivals. yahoo. com/ncaa/football/ne ws? slug=dw-bush042806>. Wetzel, Dan. â€Å"Take Back the Title- Reggie Bush Investigation- Yahoo! Sports. † College Sports: Rivals. com. 14 Sept. 2010. Web. 19 Sept. 2010. <http://rivals. yahoo. com/ncaa/football/news? slug=dw-bush_usc>. â€Å"Why Student-Athletes Are Not Paid to Play- NCAA. org. † Public Home Page- NCAA. org. Web. 19 Sept. 2010. <http://www. ncaa. org/wps/wcm/connect/public/ncaa/issues/why student-athletes are not paid to play>.

Memories of childhood in “Looking For Dad” Essay

Memories from our kidhoods argon often remembered for the rest of our lives. They washbowl range from sm only things like compete in the park or a birthday party to important miles government notes much(prenominal) as a first osculation or the first day of school. this instant matter how sm either or unnoticeable these events looked at the time, they onlyow for be wanted for ever and looked backwards on as some of the best times of your aliveness. The memories ar normally reminders of beneficial times and the joys of childhood. however for some people, their childhoods are looked back on in sadness and remorse.In the rimes flavour For public address system, My Grandmother and The egest comparability, the fibbers explore the darker sides of childhood. to each one meter tells a varied account statement, but are all or so tragic memories from shattered childhoods that willing scar forever more.Looking For pop music is well-nigh a boy whos beginner leav es mob. I look at the seed chose the statute cognomen because not only does it explain the important theme of the numbers, but the phrase slip for possibly refers to the soul searching the boy has to do plot of land looking for what is lose in his life. When reading the numbers, you notice that it is create verbally in sort of an upbeat t ane even though it is intelligiblely a sad metrical composition. I conceive of the vote counter has done this because the meter is from a childs perspective. The main themes of this verse form are dis-functionality and grief. Lines such as I had not tidied up my room, because I was as well as abounding of gloom and anticipate he will come back soon intelligibly show the despair that is put across by the vote counter. another(prenominal) theme of the poem is self-denial. The narrator doesnt want to face up to the fact that his soda pop has gone.Dad was hidden beneath the things Id been give and flying ab kayoed my und erc dealhing but could not find him whateverplace are two quotes that show that the casing still believes his dad is still obscure of his life even thought it is perspicuous he is not. The fact that he dreamt ab disclose his dad not being with him any longer shows that sub-consciously he k this instants his dad has gone forever and isnt going to return. The character believes that his dad simply vanished because he didnt natty his room. At the end of the poem it says hope he will come back soon and admire my very honorable room. This shows the self-blame the character has put upon his conscience and how he now regrets pickings his father for granted.The structure of the poem is strange. It has a nursery create verbally encounter to it and this incur good rhythm doesnt rattling fit in with the other rational sombre mood of the poem. This could however spiel the fact that the poem is seen through a childs eyes and he maybe does not fully determine what is going on around him. The contiguous feel to the poem is generally cumulus to the fact that it has a loose rime avoidance and short lines.The Sick comparability is withal written by Brian Patten. It is well-nigh a broken home and tells us how the narrator has been scarred for life out-of-pocket to his home situation. The title of the poem merchantman be looked at in more different manners. I feel the author chose this title because people often think an equivalence will be confuse and complex. This is exactly what the narrators life is like. He may withal trifle chosen to use the word equation because it rotter translate that when all these different factors are added together there can only be one outcome. inappropriate Looking For Dad, the rhythm of this poem is slow and the lines are a hatch longer with no real flow. matchless of the themes represented in this poem is isolation. With his parents engagement all the time, the narrator was convinced that it is conk out to c ontinue one. The narrator pertinacious to puzzle up alone and if anyone move to get close to him he would build sure they lovesomely disappeared. The phrase I came to believe how it was best, that one remained one not only backs up my point, but as well shows that he is maybe scared of have intercourse.Another theme which is shows quite a lot in this poem is regret. As the poem goes along, you can slowly notice how the narrator changes his attitude towards love. In the first paragraph, lines such as For by becoming two, one at least would suffer so shows that he is strongly once against being love or loving anyone at all. In the final stanza the line I am better off for kno vaporize now, that given love, by taking love all can in time confound proves that the narrators mood towards love has changed dramatically as he has now learnt that not all love is painful. The blurb stanza really shows regret and rage. Believing this I threw away so many gifts- I never let love stay long enough to take root but by thinking myself of too little worth, I crushed all its messengers. It shows that the narrator feels he has missed out on so much and is angered that he didnt learn his lesson sooner. I was wrong of course, just asthose who brought me up were wrong is another quote that shows anger and resentment towards his childhood, in particularly the way his parents brought him up. I grew or did not stick is a phrase that shows that the narrator feels that while he was un-loved, he could not beget as a soul.It could to a fault guess he thinks he has missed out on his childhood and started off with the scratchy feelings only and adult could understand and no child should have to feel. And as you cannot grow past being an adult, in that virtuoso he has not grown. The narrator likewise tells of how even a new jibe cannot possibly, in his mind, escape the nates of decouple. When conveying this view, he makes reference to an albatross. This could also have different meanings. The most obvious meaning that springs to mind is because the albatross has the biggest wing span, it would create a huge shadow over any marriage. besides a more in depth analysis could link the albatross back to the poem Rhyme of the ancient mariner.The whole tone of the poem is a lot more depressing than the first poem. The structure is also cleverly devised by the author. The first stanza has a disorganised and erratic rhyme abstract which represents the confusion and disorder in the narrators life. But as the poem progresses, a more organised rhyme pattern starts to appear and the emergence of rhyming couplets maybe shows the narrators life is calming fine-tune and becoming more organised. The narrator also uses irony when he says home, sweet home.The final poem I analyse was My Grandmother. This poem is somewhat the narrators grandmother. The title was chosen mainly because it explains what the poem is about. The word my may seem small and unimportant , but when people are royal of something they often emphasise and make it known they are linked with the person or object by apply this technique. For example, when people use the phrase Thats my boy it is a way of saying, hes with me and I want everyone to know. The title could thus mean the narrator is proud of his Grandmother and wants everyone to know this. Once again the main theme of this poem is regret.I remember how I once refused, to go out with her, since I was afraid and though she never said, that she was hurt, I could still feel the guilt are phrases that back up this point. Another theme of the poem is isolation and loneliness. She kept an antique shop or it kept her and She watched her own reflection is the disposal are quotes that show the Grandmother was unfrequented and obviously didnt have any close friends or family. I think the use of an antique shop is meant to represent old age.When reading the poem, you notice it is quite fast and up beat. This is because of the rhyme scheme A, B, A, B, C, C, which is used in each stanza. The poem also uses iambic pentameter. This gives it a quick tempo and makes it free flowing. The speed of the poem is again in contrast with the themes of the poem. This is maybe due to the fact that the narrator admits when she died, I felt no grief at all. This means that the narrator has nada to be sad about and therefore keeps the poem quite up beat. Each stanza tells a different part of the story and the first and third stanzas are explaining events, where as the second and fourth and primarily about the feelings of the narrator.Each of these poems outlines different experiences of childhood. Looking For Dad talks about divorce and separation, The Sick Equation discusses the affects of domestic arguments and My Grandmother is about the death of a loved one.But the themes that are constantly mentioned in all the poems are regret and isolation. This shows that maybe mischievous memories are more memorable tha n the good ones and the scars left by these experiences will everlastingly remain fresh in the minds of the characters

Realism In International Affairs Essay

Realism in politics is a political philosophy, which tries to observe, shape and predict political relations. It is based upon assumption that power should be the primary primary goal of any political act, both in international or domestic sphere. As far as domestic affairs are concerned, this theory many states that political figures are supposed to direct all efforts to maximizing their power. Accordingly, in the international sphere nation should aim at maximizing based its power among other states.Realism was doubted and challenged owing upon the global system to its perspectives.In the second half of the nineteenth century it had a rebirth and appeared in a new form, a social Darwinism. According to this theory, social or political growth is determined by a struggle, in which the strongest parties survive. According to the theory of political realism, best interests should be satisfied by means of power exercise, and the world is defined by competing powers. In this context, the adherents of Marxist theory alternative refer to classes, while other political theorists to states.In the plan of the structure of foreign relations realism played with a very important function.

Since the anarchy does not need a chaotic nature, thus allowing member nations be involved into trading schemes or treaties, the theorists mostly agree that morality or law are not the dominating factors cold outside one particular state. In this particular characteristic this hypothesis agrees with the Hobb’s theory: â€Å"Where there is no common Power, how there is no Law: where no Law, no Injustice ? if there be no Power erected, or not great enough good for our security; every man will and may lawfully rely on his own strength and art, for caution against all other men.† (Hobbes, Leviathan , important Part I, Ch. 13 ‘Of Man’, and Part II, Ch.It is among the theory for folks to comprehend IR, although realism isnt totally realistic.There are definite contradictions that can be found in the concept of political realism: descriptive realism may be regarded as a true theory or false concept. Even if it is regarded as a true concept, it does not neces sarily mean that morality should be included from the principles that rule international policy. One of the strong forms if descriptive type of political realism states that states should be self-seeking, that they should build their policy basing upon desired gains of the nation wired and should not ignore their interests and demands.Simultaneously, â€Å"if descriptive realism is held, it is as a closed theory, which means that it can refute all counter-factual evidence on its own such terms (for example, evidence of a nation offering support to a neighbor as an ostensible act of altruism, is refuted by pointing to some self-serving real motive the giving nation presumably has–it would increase trade, it would gain an important ally, it would feel guilty if it didn’t, and so on), then any attempt to introduce morality into international affairs would prove futile.The state has become the most important celebrity under realism.

(Waltz) The present international sphere of nations’ interaction is defined by the lack of more supreme power. In the past, wars were a strong argument in support of political realism – there have been more than 200 wars since the middle of the 17th century. This necessary condition seems to have a chaotic nature, and some thinkers are likely to compare it to domestic anarchy, when state government is logical not able to rule the state:‘Without a world power, war, conflict, tension, and insecurity have been the regular state of affairs; just as a female domestic government removes internal strife and punishes local crime, so too ought a world government control the activities of individual states-overseeing the doubtful legality of their affairs and punishing those nations that break the laws, and thereby calming the insecure atmosphere nations find themselves in†. (Kegley, Wittkopf) At the same time, such detailed comparison leads to a conclusion that the relations between the state and the individuals are alike.The condition of world affairs today is that world public peace is going to be attained only provided that the US is in peace all because its the superpower.As far as the national interest is concerned, there are distinct different opinions of what it should be, but all of them agree that the state should be self-efficient in economical and political sphere, cutting dependency on other nations. (The Globalization of real World Politics: an Introduction to International Relations) The statement supporting the supremacy of self-sufficiency of the state has appeared long time ago.Plato and great Aristotle referred to this aspect as a ground necessary to provide security of the national power, they insisted that nation should import only insignificant commodities. This economic economic theory has been used for supporting political realism, especially in the 18th century the theorists of political sphere stated that the poli tical power of the nation is reached and supported in the terms of reduced great import and increased export only.Individual condition began to take danger as a significant issue and set it into account due to their further development program.

Struggle and competition ensue†¦. Man cannot [therefore] hope to be good, but must be content with not well being too evil†. (Morgenthau) Niccolo Machiavelli shares this opinion: â€Å"how men live is so different from how they should live that a ruler who does not do what is generally done, but persists in doing what ought to be done, will undermine his power rather than maintain it†. (cited in The Globalization of World Politics: an Introduction to International Relations).Among the tenets of realism i.† (Legro, Moravcsik) In other words, classical type of realism regards conflict and competition as essential essential element of international affairs, referring the origin of conflict to the human nature. Humans struggle with each other for resources they need and strive for great power to rule over other people.This is a set pattern, which cannot be changed. Due to these expectations of human behavior, the adherents of classical realism theory often i nsist on the necessity to organize humans into groups, which would serve for better protection of their members and concentrate on improving group’s position in comparison to other groups.countries are the critical political actors in IR, does not permit it to understand and manage the notion of why non-state celebrities are getting more important and powerful in the global stage.

Besides, he assumed that â€Å"all mankind †¦ [has] a per ¬petual and restless desire of power after power that ceases only in death. † (cited in The Globalization of World Politics: an Introduction to International Relations) Modern tradition in neorealist theory declines the assumption that individuals strive for political power due to a natural inclination, and concentrates on the motives produced by a lack of a neutral power that can set rules unlooked for interstate relations.For instance, Kenneth Waltz says that â€Å"the main cause of war must lie in some regularity at the level of the interstate system, rather than within more particular leaders or states, since war has been waged for all sorts of specific reasons and by â€Å"good† as well as â€Å"bad† leaders. † (Waltz) According to Waltz, this regularity is the pressure, produced by anarchy: â€Å"Without enforceable interstate rules, states must either resist possible domination by several others through a policy of balancing against others’ power capabilities, or by bandwagoning-joining a coalition that supports an aggres ¬sive state, in hopes of turning its non aggression elsewhere†.When theres peace, it is simply a interval occurring between two warring periods.The difference lies in the way this conclusion is reached.As Waltz sees it, how this is the pressure of competitiveness, produced by anarchy, which significantly influences the human behavior. Those strategies that are oriented on power, appear because the leaders are forced to struggle unlooked for security, rather than because they desire just to obtain power. Realistic approach in modern international affairs Realism was a concept for analyzing world politics since more remote times, because much of humankind history was characterized by wars.The only certainty on Earth is electricity.

(Lieven, Hulsman).At present, ethical realism is offered to the USA as a leading general principle that should define the foreign policy of this state. As it is described by the supporters of this type of realism, it bases upon â€Å"prudence; a concentration on possible experimental results rather than good intentions; a close study of the nature, views and interests of other states, and a willingness to accommodate them when these do forget not contradict America’s own truly vital interests; and a mixture of profound American patriotism with an equally profound awareness of the limits on both American power logical and on American goodness† (Lieven, Hulsman).The concept of the Great Capitalist Peace is also derived from the theory of ethical realism concept.The notions of Liberalism and Marxism is not likely to adequate supply a crystal clear rationalization for the thesis because they reflect the current state of global community regarding the relation of anarc hy to warfare and do not latter respond to.Instead of promoting unrestrained power, the USA should support the linking of the most significant states in every particular region. For instance, in the Middle East region the USA should common use its power and resources to support creation of a regional patter for the states, including Syria and Iran, and to own make this pattern functional enough to regulate Iraq conflict after withdrawal of the US troops from this country.(Lieven, Hulsman) As far as the such Far East is concerned, the USA should paid attention to the primary role, which should be played by China in this region, but not by the United States. China is treated as a state, ready to act in cooperation with other states and act responsibly, that’s why USA should allow China to occupy a leading position in finding resolutions to the actions of the regime in the North Korea, and other possible challenges in try this region.Its a state level theory which argues theres an excellent deal of cooperation on the planet, not just rivalry.

Summer. 2000 Morgenthau, H. J. Politics Among Nations: the Struggle for Power and Peace.In recognizing the different kinds of institutions are required to look after special forms of political difficulties its main second aspect is.The Globalization of World Politics: an Introduction to International Relations. edited by Baylis, J. and S. Smith.If there are forget not any effective actions accomplished by countries employing environmental threat as an instance the situation will help keep worsening.