George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 Essay -- essays research pa

Nineteen Eighty-Four is a compelling novel,written in the period just after W.W.II. It details the lifespan of one man, Winston Smith, and his struggles with an undoubtedlyfascist government. The book is set approximately in the year 1984, in which Winstons society is ruled by a governing contractknown as "The Party". At the head of this government is a fictional figure known as Big Brother, to whom all citizens must neckand respect. In this society, privacy and freedom do non exist. People are constantly monitored by telescreens, and subjectedto a constant barrage of propaganda. Any devious eyeshot or action is dealt with by cruel and deadly punishment. Winston is aworker in one of the government agencies. His job to rewrite the past so that The Party, specifically Big Brother, appears tobe omnipotent. From as long as he can remember, he has despised The Party and what it stood for, although he doesnt revealhis true feelings to anyone around him. When Winston begins a torrid love affair with one of the young women in his agencynamed Julia, he finds someone else who shares in his beliefs. The two have several meetings through forbidden the book, in which theydiscuss their hatred for the government. They join a secret alliance called The Brotherhood, whos specific purpose is the endof The Party. Through the literature of The Brotherhood, they learn about the inner kit and caboodle of The Party and how itaccomplishes its stronghold on the people. The world as Winston knows it comes crashing down when he and Julia arearrested by the thought police, a faction of the government which deals with those who do not agree and abide by the ways ofThe Party. They are taken to a prison unlike any other. Winston is constantly tortured and beaten, until he confesses to crimeswhich he didnt give or neer even happened. If the party just killed Winston right away, they might run the risk of making amartyr out of him. Instead they re-educate him with the ethics of The Party, using such techniques as pain, starvation, andusing Winstons greatest fear against him. Once re- educated, he is introduced back into society. But he is not the same person,just a hollow shell. Winston had once said in the novel that if he could die hating Big Brother, then he would have won. Butwhen Winston is finally killed, the only function he can think is that he love... ...ten path in search of a greater truth. The novel also caused myself to reflectupon how important it was that such authoritarian dictators such as Hitler have been stopped, sometimes with great costs, frommaking life unbearable. Reading this novel gave me a great sense of hope for human kind, as we have been able to keeptotalitarian movements under control. Maybe sometimes people can get carried away with a lust for power, but it impart alwayscome back to living in a society that is tolerable to everyone. It is safe to say that a Utopian society will never exist, but wemust make an effort to get as close as we can. Many disputes which occur today are because of petty differences betweenpeople. Although thither are some flaws in human nature, we have always been able to keep from digging a grave too deep toclimb out of. It is scary to think how close the world could have come to having a society like the one in Nineteen Eighty Four,and know that we as humans have to gain a better understanding of one another. I enjoyed reading this book because not onlydid it give the reader something arouse to read, but it also was able to put an interesting perspective on life itself.

College Freshman - How NOT to Gain Weight Essay -- Proposing a Solutio

College Freshman - How NOT to Gain Weight Starting college life is far from difficult in fact it is fun starting a in the raw way of life. Life with out(a) the constant objections from your parents and annoyance from your little sibling is one of the many advantages you infer from college. Cancelled classes, late night parties and deleterious amounts of food arrive at college enjoyable however, this can lead to weight gain. Freshman 15 is not a myth and although you may not be unfortunate enough to gain 15 pounds, you might gain some weight. To avoid gaining weight, freshmen should eat healthy, avoid alcohol, and maintain a positive moral.One of the problems that cause weight gain is the wish of parental supervision over what the student consumes. In college, a student can easily stock themselves in fatty snacks such as Twinkies, cookies, chocolate, and chips. Also, the all-you-can-eat strike seems to most likely run out of the pizza, french fries, and ice cream before the sa lad. A students schedule sometimes plays a factor in the devour of too many snacks. If a student is in a hurry, he or she will grab a pop tart and be out of the door with a 200 calorie breakfast. A student should keep away from the high-fat snacks and concentrate on salubrious foods. At the cafeteria, a student should emphasize to eat salads and attempt to eat new kinds of foods since the buffet has so much to offer. And for food on-the-go, one should try to buy healthy snacks or try to raise up earlier ...

The Real Plague :: essays research papers

The Real PlagueAlthough never given permission to consume, by supernatural or natural means, man has reserved for himself the right to kill other men. This self-imposed right has been put into use in our civilizations and countries. Whether train of logic is offered or non, murder is very difficult to justify. As existentialists cogitate, "honesty with oneself" cannot be compromised in any shape or form. Why, then, does man murder? Perhaps man tries to use the excuse of good intentions to escape the responsibility for his actions. In Camus, The Plague, denim Tarrou dares to go against the idea of men having the right to kill other men. He represents a small part of the general public, in both the novel and in real life. While most of the character development is based on the direct conflict with the physical pestilence, Tarrou takes on a more powerful eccentric of offense as well as this corporeal epidemic his goal is not only of combating the plague which physically ro bs men of life, but to suppress the plague which ravages mens hearts, specially his own. To start a task force, one needs people. When Rieux and Tarrou converse, they discuss who to put into the task force. Rieux suggests that maybe Jean should consider using some of the prisoners in the jail to work against the plague. After dealing with plague-stricken men all his life, Tarrou rejects this proposal. Tarrou comments, "I loathe mens being condemned to death," (125). Tarrous conclude for that not wanting prisoners to be used deviates from the ordinary. While many would object to prisoners being sent out to work because they do not deserve to be set free. Tarrou has different reasons. Because the plague is equal to death, Tarrou would want no part in forcing men to take part in. He wants volunteers, "free men,"(124) to confront death, not impressed individuals. This reveals an important belief of his of man is to confront death, it should be by his own desires and ch oices, not by something which "fancies it knows everything and therefore claims for itself the right to kill," (131). Many people would believe that the prisoners deserve to die. After all, these men are the worst mankind has to offer, and the world may even be a better place without them. This is the type of precept one uses to assume he "knows everything.

Vonneguts Nihilistic Views Exposed in Cats Cradle Essay -- Cats Cra

Vonneguts Nihilistic Views Exposed in Cats place of birth If humans strive to fulfill their void, of a pretermit ofmeaning in their lives, their folly impart blind them from thetruth. Kurt Vonnegut portrays his inner emotions andfeelings of the insignificance of religion through thecharacters of his novel, Cats place of birth. His satiric approachto a subject that many people home their daily existenceupon, challenges the readers faith. As people search fora deeper meaning in their lives, the more confused theybecome. Only to become entwined in the Cat s place of birth oflife. In the beginning, the reader is warned Anyone unableto understand how a useful religion can be founded on lies impart not understand this book every (5-6). The themethroughout the entire novel is set as, religion is dwellingd onlies to give people something to believe, and find meaningin. Vonnegut created a religion in his novel, Bokonism,f ounded by a man named Bokonon. Through lies, and shortpoems, Bokonon spreads his religion to the people of SanLorenzo, a small desolate island with no future. All of thetrue things I am about to tell you are shameless lies.(5)Vonnegut, through the ideals of Bokononism, gives the readerinsight into the notion that all religions are based onlies, and un-truths. When Bokonon, christened Lionel BoydJohnson, arrived at the Island of San Lorenzo, he apothegm theplace as a disaster, which would yield no economic wealth orprosperity. Theonly way that he cut possible for of thisplace to become a utopia was to invent lies in which thepeople could base their existence. These lies would convincethe people ... ... ofhuman existence is protein (24). This fact of scienceintensifies the conclusion that human existence is futilewithout meaning, such(prenominal)(prenominal) a meaning that religion provides.However, that is just the statement that Vonne gut expectsthe people of the world to make. The void that humans feela need to fill, with thoughts such as religion, will neverbe filled the search for meaning is never-ending. Just likean endless, pointless game of Cats provenance. Bokonon, in hisinfinite wisdom knew not to take his birth advice and thevalidity of it was null. There is no truth, there is nomeaning, No damn cat, and no damn cradle (66). BibliographyVonnegut, Kurt Cats Cradle Delta Books 1998. (287 pages) Price, Liana Understanding Religion Through Cats Cradle(http//www.geocities.com/Hollywood/4953/kv_religion.html) Vonneguts Nihilistic Views Exposed in Cats Cradle Essay -- Cats CraVonneguts Nihilistic Views Exposed in Cats Cradle If humans strive to fulfill their void, of a drop ofmeaning in their lives, their folly will blind them from thetruth. Kurt Vonnegut portrays his inner emotions andfeelings of the insignificance of religion through thecharacters o f his novel, Cats Cradle. His satiric approachto a subject that many people base their daily existenceupon, challenges the readers faith. As people search fora deeper meaning in their lives, the more confused theybecome. Only to become entwined in the Cat s Cradle oflife. In the beginning, the reader is warned Anyone unableto understand how a useful religion can be founded on lieswill not understand this book every (5-6). The themethroughout the entire novel is set as, religion is based onlies to give people something to believe, and find meaningin. Vonnegut created a religion in his novel, Bokonism,founded by a man named Bokonon. Through lies, and shortpoems, Bokonon spreads his religion to the people of SanLorenzo, a small desolate island with no future. All of thetrue things I am about to tell you are shameless lies.(5)Vonnegut, through the ideals of Bokononism, gives the readerinsight into the notion that all religions ar e based onlies, and un-truths. When Bokonon, christened Lionel BoydJohnson, arrived at the Island of San Lorenzo, he saw theplace as a disaster, which would yield no economic wealth orprosperity. Theonly way that he saw possible for of thisplace to become a utopia was to invent lies in which thepeople could base their existence. These lies would convincethe people ... ... ofhuman existence is protein (24). This fact of scienceintensifies the conclusion that human existence is futilewithout meaning, such a meaning that religion provides.However, that is just the statement that Vonnegut expectsthe people of the world to make. The void that humans feela need to fill, with thoughts such as religion, will neverbe filled the search for meaning is never-ending. Just likean endless, pointless game of Cats Cradle. Bokonon, in hisinfinite wisdom knew not to take his knowledge advice and thevalidity of it was null. There is no truth, there is no meaning, No damn cat, and no damn cradle (66). BibliographyVonnegut, Kurt Cats Cradle Delta Books 1998. (287 pages) Price, Liana Understanding Religion Through Cats Cradle(http//www.geocities.com/Hollywood/4953/kv_religion.html)

The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

F. Scott Fitzgerald comments on the lighthearted vivacity and the moraldeterioration of the period. It possesses countless references to the contemporaneous period. The aimlessness and shallowness of the guests, thecrazy extravagance of Gatsbys parties, and the indication of Gatsbysconnection in the bootlegging business all represent the period and theAmerican setting. But as a piece of neighborly critique, The Great Gatsby alsodescribes the defeat of the American dream, and that the American ideals differ with the actual social conditions that exist in society. For the American constitutions stands for the freedom, and equation among people, but the truth of the matter is that social discrimination still exists and the radicaling among the classes can never be overcome. Myrtles attempt to become a "member" of Toms group is predestined tofail, because he is of the wealthier, more "sophisticated" class. Takingadvantage of her animation, her lively nature, she tries t o elude the rest of her class. She gets involved in an affair with Tom, and inherits his values, and his way of living. By doing so, she nevertheless demoralizes herself, and becomes corrupt like the rich are stereotyped to be. She belittles people from her own class, and loses all sense of honor that she once had. And for all her social desires, Myrtle never does find her place in Toms "high brow" world of the rich. Fitzgerald portrays Myrtles condition, obviously, as a minor reflection toGatsbys more substantial struggle. While Myrtles ambitions come from hersocial desires, Gatsbys are linked more to his idealism, his strong belief in deportments opportunity. For sure, his desire is influenced by social considerations as well Daisy, who is beautiful and rich, shows a lifestyle which is far to Gatsbysand therefore is more attractive to him, because it is so far out of his reach. However, social status is not his premier reason for loving Daisy. It only leads him, and mak es him subject to intend in lifes great opportunity. Like Myrtle does, Gatsby fights to fit himself into another social group, the one of old money, but his attempt is more significant, because his whole faith in life isrested upon it. Therefore, his failure is much more frightful to him, as anylarger dreams failure turns out to be. His whole objective, his confidence in life and himself is completely smashed when he fails to win Daisys love. His death, when it arrives is nearly meaningless, for, with the defeat of his dream, Gatsby

The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

F. Scott Fitzgerald comments on the lighthearted vivacity and the moraldeterioration of the period. It possesses countless references to thecontemporary period. The aimlessness and shallowness of the guests, thecrazy extravagance of Gatsbys parties, and the indication of Gatsbysconnection in the bootlegging business all represent the period and theAmerican setting. But as a piece of social critique, The Great Gatsby alsodescribes the defeat of the American dream, and that the American ideals differ with the actual social conditions that exist in society. For the American constitutions stands for the freedom, and equality among people, moreover the truth of the matter is that social discrimination still exists and the grouping among the classes can never be overcome. Myrtles attempt to become a "member" of Toms group is predestined tofail, because he is of the wealthier, more "sophisticated" class. Takingadvantage of her animation, her lively nature, she tries to elu de the rest of her class. She gets involved in an affair with Tom, and inherits his values, and his way of living. By doing so, she only demoralizes herself, and becomes pamper like the rich ar stereotyped to be. She belittles people from her own class, and loses all sense of honor that she once had. And for all her social desires, Myrtle never does prevail her place in Toms "high brow" world of the rich. Fitzgerald portrays Myrtles condition, obviously, as a minor reflection toGatsbys more substantial struggle. While Myrtles ambitions come from hersocial desires, Gatsbys are linked more to his idealism, his strong belief in biographys opportunity. For sure, his desire is influenced by social considerations as well Daisy, who is beautiful and rich, shows a lifestyle which is distant to Gatsbysand so is more attractive to him, because it is so far out of his reach. However, social status is not his premier reason for loving Daisy. It only leads him, and makes him subject to believe in lifes great opportunity. Like Myrtle does, Gatsby fights to fit himself into another social group, the one of old money, but his attempt is more significant, because his whole faith in life isrested upon it. Therefore, his failure is much more frightful to him, as anylarger dreams failure turns out to be. His whole objective, his confidence in life and himself is completely smashed when he fails to win Daisys love. His death, when it arrives is nearly meaningless, for, with the defeat of his dream, Gatsby

Do Children Have False Memories

Citing relevant research, state and explain your opinion of the reliability of the testimony of a 5 division old electric razor who accuses an adult of sobering familiar vilification. Its very easy to look at childrens testimony from a psychologist or a researchers perspective, but how would we respond if we were faced with a situation where a 5 year old child is accusing an adult of serious sexual yell?Would we be quick to dismiss the strong accusation or would we examine the possibility of this publication. In this essay evidence for and against the reliability of childrens testimony is evaluated, especially considering a delicate matter such as sexual abuse. It give start by outlining what developmental and cognitive psychologists have observed to date about childrens memory capacity and how it differs from that of adults then the focus willing shift to literature on sexual abuse.Memory or commending ope calculates like any other aspect of development studied, its deve lopment is gradual, and this goes to say that children without doubt, dont possess the same(p) ability to remember as adults. The digit drag in for memory seems to increase with age, so for example a child of 3yrs will remember about 2 words and a child of 4 will remember 3 words from a presented list of word, and these are likely to be the last words (recency effect( Meadows,1986). at that place are three areas of memory that seem to taper improvement in children as we progress finished development basic capacity, the amount of information that heap be remembered in STM, children will develop strategies that will help transfer information into LTM and finally they will withal have greater world knowledge which means a greater typeset setting allowing for the integration of new information, therefore new memories. (Meadows, 1986) There are many reasons why children show these deficits in memory.One of them is because they lack meta-cognition, basic beliefs and knowledge about memory, its dynamics, which is vestigial for understanding how information is learned. fryren clearly dont possess this meta-cognitive awareness to monitor past survives and performance to update resource allocation strategies. (Castel, Humphreys, Lee, Balota and McCabe, 2011) This previous paragraphs were to find the fact that children do have distinct abilities compared to adults, this tells us that their recall for chanceed events index lack in accuracy.When we ask a child to give testimony for witnessing an event we are asking them to access their autobiographical memory, which includes a sketchy version of personal memories and experiences, diluted from all unnecessary details. This type of memory is highly playing field to biases in attempting to maintain continuity and it often doesnt follow the temporal frame. Can children accurately recall events that they experience in the past accurately or do they often develop spurious memories of events that neer took place? Some studies show that children as young as 5 can remember events quite a well even after a period of delay preceding recall. Flin, Boon, Knox and Bull (1992) gave children a talk on how to keep their feet clean, while the talk was chance an assistant staged tripping over and knocking over a side carousel. Recall was taken the day after the talk and 5 months later, connatural to court proceedings. There was no relation found between age and amount of information recalled the following day, children age 6 recalled 17/ 26 items and adults recalled 18/26 items. However Flinn et al found that 5 months later 6 yr olds recall had decreased by 40 %.This involve shows that children can remember quite well, however those memories are non fully stored in LTM . This event however isnt a real life event incomplete is it of distressing nature like most events children are called to testify for in court cases. This could justify the high recall even for the young children. Research by Good man, Hirschman, Hepps and Rudy (1991) Peterson and Whalen (2001) and many more agree that children can actually remember stressful events very well and without doubt sexual abuse of any kind is a stressful enough situation which victims should remember well.Children can give accurate testimony following sexual victimisation, supported by evidence from allegations and high rate of omission errors instead of reporting unsupported events, (Birdrose & Goodman, 2000) More interestingly research has shown that children can slowly develop faux memories, known as memories of events that never took place (Loftus, 2004). A good example was -the Mc Martin trial . In this controversial trial a school teacher was accused of ritually abusing children.The charges against the teacher were finally dropped, as some of the children recalled very ambiguous events, such as being taken on an helicopter to a far away farm to witness a horse while it was beaten. It is believed that they were suggestive ly interviewed and then developed enough details to make these become real memories. (Schreiber et al, 2006). prevalence information can strongly learn childrens recall, it seems that children start by considering whether the event is plausible, then proceed to develop thoughts and images about the events, which at that point become mistaken for real memories.In an experiment Otgaar, Candel, Merckelbach and wade (2009) exposed children age 7-8 and age 11-12 to a description of a real past experience and also that of a false past experience. The real experience was the childs first day at school the false one was a description of being abducted by an UFO, prevalence was given by giving them an article about the commonality of UFO abductions. The results showed that children again remembered accurately the real event, this is consistent with (Flin et al, 1992. some even were convinced they had been abducted, some even inform things not present in the story such as being transporte d by a beam of blue light, clearly indicating formation of a false memory. 70% of younger children remembered being abducted. We cannot totally conclude that childrens memory for bizarre events is always false however we can say that they can easily develop false memories for farfetched events, this is more noticeable in younger child This still isnt sufficient to answer the question of the reliability of a 5 yr old accusing an adult of abuse.Research suggests that children place an important emphasis on script like representations, basically representations of how events are connected in a stereotypical way, based on prior knowledge of everyday activities, they may use this scripts to fill in details of events even when they are not part of the story, ( Mc Shane 1991). When a child is required to provide eye-witness accounts of what happened during an episode, even when its not as severe as sexual abuse, they need to be able to separate that instance from that in which they are que stioned, things they have perchance seen and when they had spoken about it for the first time. Lloyd, Doydum and Newcombe, 2009), psychologist fear they are unable to do this. There is a great influence of prior knowledge on free recall, cued recall, recognition memory and source memory sometimes children may rely on gist to make conclusions. Odegard, Cooper, Lampinen, Reyna and Brainard (2009) carried out an experiment where children attended 4 thematic birthday parties of fictional characters and were later interviewed regarding the events that took place, some which were generic and some which were specific to the stand of the party.When interviewed using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) protocol, older children did better than the younger ones at providing both thematic and generic events for the parties, this could be explained by the fact that they possess knowledge of the script of parties and they used this to reconstruct what happened h owever this also led them to make more thematic source errors. It was also found that 45% of 5-6 year olds reported events that didnt happen or mixed them up between the parties they attended.This is consistent with the previous study in that younger children made more mistakes Nonetheless this cannot tell us how can a fin year old wrongly accuse someone of something they have never heard of or even seen, they dont posses schemas for these neither do they know whether its good or bad. Or how can they develop a false memory of an act of sexual abuse unless they had experienced it. Leander, Christianson and Granhag (2007) examined the eyewitness of 8 children between the ages of 3-10, who had been sexually mistreated by an unfamiliar perpetrator who was the same in all cases.They focused on the amount and type of information remembered and denial of the assault. The documentation of childrens testimony was found to be consistent with the acknowledgment of the perpetrator, picture ev idence, medical examination and police evidence. They found that most children reported things that preceded the abuse and that only 21. 5% of what they reported was of the sexual act, the remaining was neutral information. They youngest child age 3 didnt say much about both post and pre-abuse factors and only mentioned one fact of sexual nature.The rate of denial and indisposition to report the act was high especially amongst younger children. In this case it was easier to believe that the abuse occurred because there were multiple victims, and enough evidence to give believability to the childrens testimony. We can imagine that a five year old would not come to an adult saying I have been sexually abused, they probably never eared those terms neither do they know the meaning. This is to say that testimony of abused children may be disconnected often not including any sexual facts, but we shouldnt be too quick to discard it.Hershkowits and Lanes (2007) found that younger children who dont understand the concept of abuse are better able to disclose information as they are unlikely to have feelings of guilt and dont understand the severity of abuse in society. Over the years there has been extensive work on interviewing techniques, Psychologists have developed interviewing techniques to effectively extrapolate information from children, therefore interviewing the child can reveal whether testimony is true or false. Childrens description of real events differs from that of false events.In Hershkowitz (1999) children describing events that really happened provided longer and richer responses to open-ended prompts rather than focused ones. Children who are providing implausible accounts tend to rely of the suggestions of the interviewer and elaborate on them. The study also showed that younger children were more likely to recall implausible false events compared to older ones, so maybe false memories are not only created on the basis of event plausibility perhaps if a 5 year old was giving a false account of abuse they would exhibit such characteristics.Holcomb and Jacquin (2007) mock sexual abuse trial revealed that the defendant was more likely to be found hangdog when a by stander witness was present, unlike when a victim-witness was present however jurors were more likely to believe young children. Research also shows that children find it onerous to discuss having been sexually abused many will go through phases of secrecy, helplessness and retraction (Summit, 1983). If a child manages to disclose it, we should assume that there should be a degree of truthfulness if not why go through with it.Sometimes their testimony is characterised by retractions, which throw investigations into chaos and have two meanings repairing a false allegation or preventing the consequences when its true. In a recent court trial Steven Barker, the step father of Peter Connelly also known a cocker P was accused of sexually abusing his 2 yr old sister. The girl disclosed this information to her step mother at the age of 4, the delay might suggest that some details of the could be omitted.The child was subject to very hard questioning and although the jury were divided due to her denial of the act on several accounts, it was proven that she was a victim. Coming to a conclusion isnt as easy as it could seem and this gives just a brief sixth sense to what jurors are often faced with in court trials that involve young victims of sexual abuse. The most important thing is that the ability to remember of a five yr old should never be taken for granted especially for something as severe as sexual abuse.The evidence shows that can remember stressful events, even with delay, but majority dont report sexual details, are prone to suggestibility, and can develop false memories. None the less its very improbable that a child, who has never seen nor eared of sexual abuse and hasnt been fed with the wrong information by parents or even through sugge stive interview would confess of having been a victim of sexual abuse. It is better to acknowledge childrens testimony and weight up the evidence. REFERENCES Bidrose, S. & Goodman, G. S. (2000).Testimony and evidence A scientific case study of memory for child sexual abuse. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 14,197-213. Castel, A. D. , Humphreys, K. L. , Lee, S. S. , Galvan, A. , Balota, D. A. , & McCabe, D. P. (2011). The development of memory efficiency and value-directed remembering across the life span A cross-sectional study of memory and selectivity. Developmental Psychology,47(6), 1553-1564. Flin, R, Boon, J. , Knox, A. And Bull, r. (1992) The effect of a five month delay on childrens and adults, eyewitness memory.British Journal of Psychology, 83 Goodman, G. S. , Hirschman, J. E. , Hepps, D. H. , &Rudy, L. (1991). Childrens memory for stressful l events. Merril Palmer Quarterly, 37, 109158. Hershkowitz, I. , Lanes, O. , & Lamb, M. E. (2007). Exploring the disclosure of child sexu al abuse with alleged victims and their parents. Child Abuse & Neglect,31(2), 111-123. Hershkowitz, I. (1999). The dynamics of interviews involving plausible and implausible allegations of child sexual abuse. Applied Developmental Science,3(2), 86-91. Holcomb, M.J. , & Jacquin, K. M. (2007). Juror perceptions of child eyewitness testimony in a sexual abuse trial. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse,16(2), 79-95. Loftus, E. F. (2004). Memories of things unseen. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13,145147. Lloyd, M. E. , Doydum, A. O. , & Newcombe, N. S. (2009). Memory binding in early childhood Evidence for a retrieval deficit. Child Development,80(5), 1321-1328. Leander, L. , Christianson, S. , & Granhag, P. (2007). A sexual abuse case study childrens memories and reports.Psychiatry, Psychology And Law,14(1), 120-129. Meadows, S. (1986). Understanding Child Development. London Century Hutchinson Ltd. McShane, J. (1991). Cognitive development . An information processing approach . Cambridge, MA, US Basil Bruckwell. Otgaar, H. , Candel, I. , Merckelbach, H. , Wade, K. A. (2009). Abducted by a UFO Prevalence information affects young childrens false memories for an implausible event. Applied Cognitive Psychology,23(1), 115-125. Odegard, T. N. , Cooper, C. M. , Lampinen, J. M. , Reyna, V. F. , & Brainerd, C. J. (2009).Childrens eyewitness memory for multiple real-life events. Child Development,80(6), 1877-1890. R. C. Summitt, The child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome, Child abuse and Neglect, Vol 7, 2, P. 177-193. Schreiber, N. , Bellah, L. D. , Martinez, Y. , McLaurin, K. A. , Strok, R. , Garven, S. , et al. (2006). Suggestive interviewing in the McMartin Preschool and Kelly Michaels daycare abuse cases case study. Social Influence, 1, 1647. Tully, B. (2002). The evaluation of retractions in sexual abuse cases. Child Abuse Review,11(2), 94-102. inside10. 1002/car. 728

A rhetorical analysis of against school by John Taylor Gatto Essay

Attempting to persuade his audience reading from this Article,John Taylor Gattos displays his points of view that he does not belive in our school system. He believes that the staying in the American schooling system for so long has supplied him with perpetuallyy reason to refer to it as a childish program. correspond to him, people whitethorn see the key problem of schooling as tediousness. To clarify his point, Gatto asserts having education is not equal to taking schooling which is rather remembered as a chance(a) routine in a factory of childishness in order to make sure children do not really grow up. Gatto supports his views by enumerating a significant number of successful Americans who did not go by the schooling system but turned out to be productive, such as Abraham Lincoln. In this short story, Against School, Gatto tells his raiment approximatelys with students that complained they were bored in school. Gatto said these students were not interested in what wa s being taught because they often said the work was stupid and that they already knew it. According to Gatto, these students were interested only in grades rather than learning the subject.In Against school Gatto begins his article discussing his thoughts on whether the term boredom could be used to define the experience of a student. He explains that every time he used to ask students in class why they were bored in school, the students felt that their teachers did not await to know much about their subject and clearly werent interested in learning more than (Gatto 300). With teachers being bored as well and blaming their students he brings up the question of who really is to charge. Gatto feels a change of not to provide the student with schooling but with an education can be d ane by simply being more involved with the student. He believes that by introducing students to competent adults or in other words teachers who know their subjects the students will gain divine guidance and interest.He then goes on to ask if schooling is even necessary, questioning if the 12 historic period of mandatory schooling ar beneficial or not. Gatto event to talk about the origins of our educational system and what he knows is the real advise of our educational system based on the evidence he presents. He explains that the united States educational system comes from a military state named Prussia. An educational system deliberately designed to produce mediocre intellects to hamstring the inner life, to deny students allow leader skills. (Gatto 303).Claiming that we ar bred to never grow up and remain children,in his last paragraph he states one last time his thoughts on the purpose of mandatory education Mandatory education serves students only incidentally its real purpose is to turn them into servants (Gatto 307). Gatto states that in this country people sees success as corresponding with schooling. He articulates that important people like George Washington, and Abraham Lincoln never went by the twelve-year schooling system we have now and they still succeeded. Gatto said that match to our cultural traditions schools were made to make good people, good citizens, and each person their personal best.Since his goal was to persuade his audience in this article I would consider the writing primarily appealing to logos and ethos with pathos used throughout the article. On page 300 his first sentence I taught for thirty years in some of the shoot schools in Manhattan, and in some of the best, and during that time I became an expert in boredom is used to show the reader that he is an experienced veteran of our educational system. He places this at the very start of the article to try and gain immediate credibility so that he may potentially obtain the trust of the audience. This is all done to display his social standing which makes it ethos. On that same page he brings up the question Who is to blame? and he includes the reasoning for twain(p renominal) the students and the teachers points of view on who they feel is accountable for school boredom.They said teachers didnt seem to know much about their subjects and clearly werent interested in learning more claims Gatto his students would say to him, and when inquire the teachers they stated Who wouldnt get bored teaching students who are rude and interested only in grades. He places their opinions first to set himself up for introducing his profess point of view in the following paragraph on page 301, We all are. My grandfather taught me that and goes on to say that its your sustain responsibility to entertain yourself and the teachers job is to provide you with an education. Because of the placement in points of view the reader is first brought to choose between teacher and student and who is really at fault but is then introduced to Gattos point of view where he blames both the teachers and students.This tactic was used because by stating his opinion after that of t he students and the teachers his audience may perceive him to have the more balanced or in other words, most informedpoint of view between the three. By him saying that the students are saying one thing and that the teachers are saying another and then saying what he thinks and why they are wrong he is appealing to a logos way of persuading his audience. When explaining his grandfathers lesson the word childish is used to describe those who dont add together with what his grandfather is preaching, the obligation to amuse and give notice myself was entirely my own, and people who didnt know that were childish people, to be avoided if possible (Gatto 301). This choice of give voice also appeals to logos because by saying that the people who didnt know that or in other words werent aware of the belief that it is your own job to entertain yourself, are childish he does this so that he can try and persuade the reader by explaining to them that because the students or teachers arent ma ture enough to already know that it is up to them to stay entertained, and they counter someone to entertain them they are still childish people.This also appeals to ethos because by saying something negative about the opposition specifically that they are childish the germ can lead the readers to believe that he is the wiser or more mature one of the three viewpoints. When providing evidence to support his claims Gatto once again appeals to his audience through ethos by stating the person he is quoting and some background on said person before writing about what it is they actually said that relates to the article. By adding positive degree words or background reading about the author he attempts to gain credibility for his evidence by letting the audience know that the information is coming from someone who knows what they are talking about and he does it various times throughout the essay for causa on page 302, we have for example the great H.L. Mencken, who wrote in the Ame rican mercury Notice the usage of the word great, and how the context its being used in could lead the reader to be more fond of the evidence.A more obvious use of this tactic can be found on page 303 where he says It was from James Bryant Conant-president of Harvard for twenty years, WWI acerbate gas specialist, WWII executive on the atomic-bomb project, spirited commissionerand truly one of the most influential figures of the 20th century He probably couldve just said one or two things but he throws a whole list at the readers so they could potentially feel this is accurate information from someone with high standing. Instead of just throwing his evidence and support out in that respect Gatto attempts to setthem up again to seem more credible because of his certain choice of wording and how he places it in his writing.He decides to end his article by trying to persuade the audience through the use of emotional appeal, or pathos. After spur track the audience to wake up and see the points he is trying to make he decides to use the line theres no telling what your own kids could do he says this to hook any leftover skeptics by bringing up the point that maybe it wont help them but instead their children. This is effective because the reader may have a different point of view on this whole article when thinking about how it relates to their loved ones, their children.When asked if I agree with Gatto and his views I would say that I partially agree with him. I do agree when he says that modern day education is boring because of both the teachers and students, it really is up to both sides to ensure a way to entertain each other to get the most amount of work done and pass off inspiration in what they are doing. When saying that Mandatory education serves children only incidentally its real purpose is to turn them into servants (Gatto 307) I also agree with him. The bringing close together that you should be forced to go and do something you dont always wan t to for the sake of learning when you dont really care about the topic to begin with has always been something Ive questioned.Sure you can get the work done but if you dont care it wont stick so whats the point? It really does seem to me that schools are used for income, to keep the population busy and to keep us out of turn over. Education system teaches us to appease, its gets us tired and it makes many of us lose hope in what we want to do. I dont agree with him however when he talks about how school keeps us from growing up. We still get older and mature and many people actually happen what they feel is their calling through our educational system so that cant be the case, I dont think it keeps us from ever being useful. I think we are already useful we are just too caught up in school and all the work there to go out and do things.Throughout his article Gatto does a great job as far as being persuasive with his audience through the use of ethos logos and pathos. With Harpers magazine being released and purchased by people who are interested in controversial views like this, Gatto gives the readers what they paid for byeffectively questioning our educational system and making his point that education is turning our society into slaves or as he likes to put it servants (Gatto 307).What I do feel he lacks on though is providing more views of the opposition, on page 302 he writes about all the people who didnt go to school and are successful in the world, but he fails to mention anyone who has gone to school and has ended up just as successful as those people. I find it hard to believe that out of anyone going to school in the United States since 1915, not one person has been successful because of it. Though he is persuasive and successful in putting out his points of view this aspect of his article is very unbalanced. Ultimately, the article does get the job done and does a good job communicate the readers of his views on our educational system and why h e is against school.Starting off his writing by stating I taught for thirty years in some of the worst schools in Manhattan, and in some of the best, and during that time I became an expert in boredom (Gatto 300) proves to be effective because logically it makes sense that he learns about boredom after thirty years, and being a teacher for thirty years gives him credibility in the topic at hand. Gatto argues that schools are cell-block style, forced confinement of both students and teachers (Par. 4). According to Gatto, James Conant changed the style of standardized testing, nor the gargantuan high school that warehouse 2,000 to 4,000 students at a time (Par. 12). Gatto states the best one to become your wax potential is to manage yourself (Par. 27).

Positive N Negative Western Influence Essay

Her strength. For most of the Indian public perception, Hesperian culture is just a set of westbound clothes, discos, parties and other things that are hostile to morality, simply in reality western culture totally embodies another realm as opposed to the popular view. One shouldnt say it straighta room that bikinis, jeans, soot is all that western culture offers us before having, at least, a brief study about the western culture that it honestfully deserves with dignity. Actually western culture is based on rationality and respect for the human life. Even Indian culture has its evils. Did anyone even consulted discrimination on association while mention groovyness of Indian culture? Isnt that an inherent problem of Indian Culture?And let us remind that such evils were prevalent in the friendship in the past in the forms of brutal rituals like sati, child marriage etc that were later abolished by the British. The latter is a clear example of esteem that western federation g ives to the human life, something that is clearly evident in the statistics of life expectancy in some western countries. Although western culture also has its demerits but it doesnt makes sense just to make mockery of it saying its polluting our culture.Culture is certainly not decaying. In India we call adoption of western culture as decay of our own culture. But whatever we are adopting is totally for the convenience of the work we do. Lets take example of women police, she has to be active and fast in her work. wherefore shirt-pant is the best uniform which will prove convenient for her. Thus, culture can be best defined as running water i.e. to adopt newer changes and come about its flow. If culture sticks to its place like stagnant water, its obvious that people will run away from the decaying and offensive smelling pond. Thus, our culture is on a right path and its modernization should not be taken as its decay.Culture means way of living, way of loving, way of treating, wa y of dressing, way of receiving, way of sharing, way of respect towards human values.According to modern life style women are equal as men. Girls kids are considered as the boons.Gandhiji has rightly said that, keep the doors and windows of your nursing home open to allow the breeze to enter freely but take care that you will not fly away to that wind.According to the great philosopher ALBERT TOYNBEAN IF THE WORLD CIVILIZATION WOULD HAVE TO EXIST THEY WILL HAVE TO LOOK LIKE THE INDIAN WAY.GOOD EFFECTS are that it has abolished inequality, sati system, dowry system, caste system etc from our society. It has introduced euality in the society because of which nobody is treated as inferior and superior.it has introduced democracy,integrity etc in our society.BAD EFFECTS are that it has changed our dressing style, our food habits and also our boyish generation no longer respect their elders.It has introduced corruption in our society and many other bad things that haS destroyed our cu lture.Casteism, dowry, sati system which was predominant in our society since historic times have now been removed upto great extent from modern day society due to influence of western culture. But neither of the things mentioned above was part of our culture. It was the wrong interpretation of our religious texts which paved for these evils. So, the culture which we were violating since historic times we became aware off due to influence of other culture.

Computer Invention: Pro and Con Essay

When we think about technology mostly the first thing that comes in our mind is the image of a ready reckoner. technological advancements such as calculating machine eat up been designed to help clements and make the lives easy. Computer was invented by MITS (Micro Instrumentation Telemetry Systems) in 1974 in USA.Since the beginning of human era we have always tried to obtain machines to make our lives easier. Before the computer was invented people did boring tasks. No one crowd out deny the situation that computers play a very effective and important role in our lives. Many of us spend a lot of hours in front of computer running(a) or using it just for fun. But still as any thing, computers have their advantage and disadvantage. To the advantage of using a computer I may consider that it is very convenient, you substructure use it for doing a lot of tasks. The disadvantage of computer are that people became lazier and that the machines replace people at their working plac es. Now I will be specific on each pro and con.Firstly, the pluses. Nowadays computers became an essential part of our lives. We use them almost everywhere composition preparing for our lessons or researching on any topic on the Internet or making a presentation about the work which you have done. The computer truly makes our lives easier. You dont need a lot of paper while writing an essay for example. You may just delete an inappropriate thought and non throw away the whole sheet of paper. You dont need to use paper to keep back any information on shelves . You can have as many files as you can in a computer and organize them the way you like it without having to use any space.In fact, computer is the virtually important Invention because they can display and let you manipulate save information, and it is used in almost all fields . First of all computer have multi-tasking features that can minimize the work you have to do. The cheapest computer has at least the basic tasks s uch as mathematic that help you when you need to doing something in suddenly time . For example, the only thing you must do is to type the information needed and its done. Secondly, computer can display and let you manipulate saveinformation. Finally, computer is used in almost all fields such as education, and any type of job. For example, you can use computers to play videogames, watch movies, try to music and chat on the internet. So, computer is the most important Invention because you done the work in short time consumption on the activities, you can save the information and edit it anytime, and they let you do almost anything you need. Computer is tool of communication, and tool of education that can save money and time . You can have all the information in one place and dispose of it at the moment you need.

Subalterns

Concept of junior-grade and petty(prenominal) Studies Dr. Abhishek Gopal* Subaltern originally is a circumstance for subordinates in military hierarchies which is elaborated in the engagement of Antonio Gramsci to refer to companys who be outside the established structure of political representation. Subaltern was first used in a nonmilitary sense by Marxist Antonio Gramsci. Some believe that he used the term as a synonyms for proletariat, possibly as a codeword in order to get his literary works past prison censors, while others believe his usage to be more nuanced and less clear cut (Morton, Stephen).It has in like manner been emphasised that the term subaltern is an allusion to the work of Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci (1881-1937) which literally, refers to any person or sort out of inferior rank and station, whether because of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity or religion. The term subaltern is used in post-colonial theory. The exact centre of the ter m in current philosophical and critical usage is disputed. Some thinkers use it in a general sense to refer to marginalized groups and the lower classes a person rendered without agency by his or her loving status (Young, Robert J.C. , 2003). Others such as Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak use it in a more specific sense. She argues that subaltern is not tho a classy word for oppressed, for others, for somebody whos not getting a piece of the pie In post-colonial terms, everything that has limited or no access to the cultural imperialism is Subaltern a space of difference. Now who would say thats just the oppressed? The working class is oppressed. Its not subaltern Many people want to claim subalternity. They are the least interesting and the most dangerous.I mean, just by being a discriminated against a minority on the university campus, they dont need the word Subaltern . They should see what the mechanism of discrimination are. They are within the hegemonic discourse wanting a pie ce of the pie and not being allowed, so let them speak, use the hegemonic discourse. They should not call themselves subaltern (de Kock, Leon 1992 29-47). Gayatri Spivak suggests that the subaltern is denied access to both mimetic and political forms of representation. *Ex-Lecturer, Sociology, Govt. Degree College, Jhakhini, Varanasi 2 It may also be pointed that in several essays, Homi Bhabha, a key-thinker within post-colonial thought, emphasizes the magnificence of social power relations in his working definition of Subaltern groups as oppressed minority groups whose presence was crucial to the self-definition of the majority group Subaltern social groups were also in a position to subvert the authority of those who had hegemonic power (Laura Garcia et. al. , 1996, pp. 191-207).It is noteworthy that Bonaventura de Sousa Santos (2002) uses the term Subaltern Cosmopolitanism extensively in his book. He refers to this in the scene of counter-hegemonic practices, movements, enem ys and struggles against neoliberal globalization, particularly the struggle against social exclusion. He also uses the term interchangeably with cosmopolitan legality as the diverse normative framework for an compare of differences. Infact, here, the term subaltern is used to denote marginalized and oppressed people(s) specifically struggling against hegemonic globalization.It may be emphasized that subaltern is a term that commonly refers to the eyeshot of persons from regions and groups outside the hegemonic power structure. Infact, in the 1970s the term began to be used as a reference to colonized people in the South-Asian sub-continent. It provided a new sight on the history of colonized place from the panorama of colonized rather than from the perspective of hegemonic power. In this context, Marxist historians had already begun to view colonial history from the perspective of the proletariat but this was unsatisfying as it was still a Euro-centric way of viewing the globe. However, Subaltern is now regularly used as a term in history, anthropology, sociology and literature. (Gyan, Prakash, 1994). Subaltern studies began in the early 1980s as an intervention in South-Asian historiography. While it began as a model for the sub-continent, it quickly developed into a wide awake post-colonial critique. The term subaltern studies group (SSG) or subaltern studies collective (SSC) are a group of South Asian scholars interested in the post-colonial and post-imperial societies of South Asia in particular and the developing world in general.It may be pointed out that the term subaltern studies is sometimes also applied more broadly to others who destiny many of their views. Infact, their approach is one of history from below, focused more on what happens among 3 the masses at the base levels of society than among the elite. It may be spy that the group associated with the subaltern studies arose in the 1980, influenced by the scholarship of Eric Stokes, to a ttempt to formulate a new narrative of the history of India and South Asia.Undoubtedly, as stated to begin with this narrative strategy most clearly inspired by the writings of Gramsci was explicated in the writings of the mentor Ranjit Guha, most clearly in his manifesto in Subaltern studies I and also in his classic monograph The Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency although they are, in a sense, on the left, they are very critical of the traditional Marxist narrative of Indian history, in which semi-feudal India was colonized by the British, became politicized, and earned its independence.In particular, they are critical of the focus of this narrative on the political consciousness of elites, who in turn inspire the masses to resistance and rebellion against the British. Instead, they focus on non-elitessubalterns as agents of political and social change. They, infact, have had a particular interest in the discourses and rhetoric of emerging political movements, as against o nly highly visible actions like demonstrations and uprisings.Thus, from the above discourse it can be observed that the Subaltern studies started in the early 1980 as an intervention in South Asian Historiography and emerged as a model for the subcontinent which quickly developed into a vigorous post-colonial critique. So far as the formation of subaltern studies group is concerned it was founded by Ranjit Guha. It may be pointed out that in more recent times, some former members have become disillusioned with the post-modern turn that the group has taken (notably Sumit Sarkar who left the group).A galaxy of eminent scholars such as Ranjit Guha, David Hardiman, Partha Chatterjee, Dipesh Chakrabarty, Gyan Pandey, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Susie Tharu, Gyan Prakash, Sudipta Kaviraj, Edward Said, David Arnold, Gautam Bhadra, Ajay Skaria, Qadri Ismail, Kamran Asdar Ali, Shail Mayaram, Sumit Sarkar (later dissented), Lata Mani, Aamir Mufti, M. S. S. Pandian, Shahid Amin are associated with Subaltern studies. The subaltern concept has become so prominent now a days that it is being regularly used in various disciplines such as literature, history, anthropology and sociology etc. REFERENCES 1. Morton, Stephen, The subaltern Genealogy of a concept, in Gayatri Spivak Ethics. 2. Young, Robert J. C. Postcolonialism A very short Introduction. New York Oxford University Press, 2003. 3. de Kock, Leon, Interview with Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak New Nation Writers Conference in South Africa. A Review of International English Literature. 23 (3) 1992 29-47. 4. Bhabha, Homi K. insatiable notes on Vernacular Cosmopolitanism. Text and Nation Cross-Disciplinary Essays on Cultural and National Identities. Ed. Laura Garcia Moreno and Peter C.Pfeiffer. Columbia, SC Camden House, 1996 191-207. 5. Santos, Boaventura de Sousa (2002). Towards a New Legal Common Sense, 2nd ed. (London Lexis Nexis Butterworths), particularly, pp. 458-493. 6. Gyan Prakash, Subaltern Studies as Postcolonial Criticism, The American Historical Review, December 1994, Vol. 99, No. 5, 1475-1490, 1476. 7. Chaturvedi, Vinayak, ed. , Mapping Subaltern Studies and the Postcolonial. London and New York, 2000. 8. Ludden, David, ed. , Reading Subaltern Studies. Critical History, Contested significance and the Globalization of South Asia, London, 2001.

Extrinsic Motivation Essay

Extrinsic motivation is directly driven by foreign factors, as opposed to the internal drivers of intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation drives me to do things for tangible rewards such as money or pressures, rather than for the fun of it. In a work mall this motivation would be the most used because most people work for money. I am employed at the Corcoran State prison and this is an extrinsic motivation because I get paid to watch and protect inmates and control any possible hostile pips.One way where my occupation wouldnt apply as an extrinsic motivation, but as an outside(a) regulation, is if I was forced to put myself in harms way for a nonher colleague in potential hazard or inmate in potential danger for the sake of my transmission line. Extrinsic motivation is found on reward thus, the take aim of motivation is based on the level of rewards that ar received. Extrinsic motivation applies in most workplaces passim the world including the Corcoran State Prison wh ere I am employed as a correctional officer.In my situation, I must protect others to get paid. I must get to work on cadence and do my job correctly in order to keep making money and to keep my job. For example, many times we do cell extractions because of an inmate universe disruptive or he might have a weapon. So we go in and remove him. Also, with however simpler tasks like making sure cells are locked or that everything is fine on the yard. It is part of the job and is something I do to get paid. However, there are many situations where my job becomes a greater assay to my well-being than others.Problems that Im forced to do, that I dont get paid extra for, and isnt in my job entitlement. A situation where extrinsic motivation wouldnt apply is if I was forced to be motivated to put myself in danger to defend the facility, other inmates, or my co-workers. otherwise circumstances even cause me to defend and protect myself. There can be situations where an inmate may pull out a weapon on me, and I would now be forced to defend myself. This isnt listed in my job criteria but, I am involuntary responsible to handle the condition properly.Also, my co-worker may be held hostage with a deadly weapon and I must try with all my pull up stakes to save this persons disembodied spirit from this antagonistic state. Again, this wouldnt be in my profession standards but Im counted on by others throughout the facility. In addition, there could be a brawl out on the yard and I would be forced to go out and put myself in danger and save the lives of possible defenselessly inmates or guards and put a stop to the fight. I could risk getting injured severely, or even die.These are examples of not extrinsic motivation but, outside(a) regulations where Im forced to do without getting paid any extra and it is not in my employment title. The situation where extrinsic motivation does not apply is an enormous problem. This poses curse to the employees of the prisons and al so the families of these people. This problem disrupts the work force tremendously. If things arent changed, then the state prisons will continue to lose money because of the deaths of employees and will lose productivity.However, I dont believe this problem can be fixed. State prisons give inmates a lot of privileges that are not deserve for what they have done. If these state prisons remain to let these inmates have privileges than, external regulation becomes a greater risk. Creating new theoretical motivations that will help the work place and its employees is crucial and will have positive effects on both personal satisfaction and on productivity. In the Corcoran State Prison, the inmate population is overfilled creating an even greater hazard to the employees.When a prison is overpopulated inmates get put I the gym. They tier bunks and leave hundreds of them to live there. This prison has five buildings where they store inmates and five yards. If more than building and yards were created, this would reduce the risk on employees and create more jobs. Also, the prison gives incentives to people with good behavior, but if the Corcoran State Prison condensed the number of inmates allowed to work, it would help the danger risk of employees. The more employees that work, the more that have access to unsafe excessivelyls and kitchen knives.These are a couple of examples that would help create safer environments for employees without affecting the overall mood of inmates throughout the prison. When privileges are taken away from inmates, they tend to become angrier which poses an even greater threat to society when they are released from prison. So, there has to be a certain railway drawn to where we dont take too much creating hostile environments for the society and to where we dont give too much creating a threat to the employees.This can be a possible double edged sword if not figured out properly. Extrinsic motivation refers to motivation that comes fro m outside an individual. The prompt factors are external, or outside, rewards such as money or grades. These rewards provide satisfaction and pleasure that the task itself may not provide. However, in many cases, external regulation becomes a huge motivation in the Corcoran State Prison where I am employed. Where extrinsic motivation applies is that I am paid too work there and protect others.Where extrinsic motivation doesnt apply in situations at work, I am forced to do objectives beyond my job entitlement. This is an on-going problem that must be fixed with new theoretical models of motivation like creating more building and yards for overpopulation in the prison and reducing the number of inmates allowed to work. each employee of Corcoran State Prison works there to get paid. So, every employee is motivated by extrinsic motivation. However, when tested with external regulation the degree of motivation is based on the level of rewards that are received.

Eye Injury Risk from Water Stream Impact Essay

Ocular injuries caused by unscathed projectiles have been described in the literature (Duma, 2005 Kennedy, 2006 Kennedy, 2007). However, the impact of a high- speed water stream on the globe has not been previously quantified. Such pressurized water coal-blacks can be found in childrens water toys, squirt guns, and synergistic water fountains. As the velocity of these water streams increases, product capabilities, and therefore popularity, in addition increase. In addition to those on the market, water gun enthusiasts custom build powerful guns in fix to maximize flow rate, often in excess of 55 ft/s. Interactive water fountains (also called lactating decks, splash pads, spray pads, or spray put) are found in public areas and water parks throughout the country.The attractions feature synchronized jets of water, typically directed vertically from nozzles in the ground. While playing, it is possible for a child to look into the nozzle in anticipation of the next spurt of water which could in conjecture cause an eye speck. However, the increasing popularity of these fountains has not been matched by appropriate regulation.The CDC recommends that health departments update pool codes to complicate interactive water features that do not have standing water (Prevention, 2007) due to a serial publication of outbreaks of gastroenteritis (Minshew, 2000). The lack of research and injury assessment has delayed the process, as most states have not established codes. Current available legislation is listed in Table 1. The primary focus of concern in legitimate legislation is centered on the filtration system and prevention of spread of bacterial infection. This concern has interpreted attention away from the potential for mechanical injury due to a high-velocity water jet directed toward a childs eyes, ear, or mouth.This study consisted of five parts Part I includes previous research and case studies that have been reviewed to begin to understand the need for wat er eye injury research and the previous efforts made to investigate this injury mechanism. In Part II, a range of objects and devices were analyse to determine water characteristics and the associated injuries. A summary table of the results was produced. In Part III, projectile impact tests were performed with tercet different projectiles and a range of velocities to measure normalized energy and subjective press within the eye.For Part IV, water jet impacts were performed with three nozzle diameters and a range of water velocities to measure internal eye pressure to assess injury. In Part V, data from Part III were used to determine a coefficient of correlation between normalized energy and internal eye pressure to then calculate normalized energy for the measured internal eye pressure during the water jet impacts (Part IV). Previously developed injury endangerment curves for corneal abrasion, hyphema, genus Lens dislocation, retinal damage and globe rupture were applied to the calculated normalized energy to determine injury risk for the water jet impacts.Nozzle type, size, and maximum velocity are a critical part of an interactive water fountains performance, but until relationships between these factors and injury have been established, it is hard to place numerical guidelines on their design. This report aims to quantify the incidence and mechanics of water-induced eye injuries and benchmark the fluid mechanics of current water systems and toys. Documented cases of high-velocity water-induced eye injuries confirm the potential danger of these water blasts (Table 2). Many of the inform incidents occurred in the workplace and involve pressure washers, agricultural irrigation sprinklers, or fire hoses.While studies of water-induced eye injuries on humans have not been conducted, animal studies have linked high-velocity water jets to eye damage. lean (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to submerged water jets at velocities ranging from 40 to 65 ft/s were examined for injury. Nearly half(prenominal) of all fish suffered eye injuries (bulged, hemorrhaged, or missing) at velocities of 55 ft/s and above (Deng, 2005). In a similar study, fish were released at velocities from 0 to 70 ft/s and the authors found velocity to be positively correlated to severity of injury (Nietzel, 2000). Minor severity was noted when there was a visible injury that had no threat to life and major severity was noted when the injury was a threat to life and persisted throughout time.

How Laughter Works Essay

The essay that I chose from the book was the angiotensin-converting enzyme by Marsh solely Brain How joketer Works. I chose to write some(prenominal)what this essay because this 1 is more in depth of where laughter actually comes from how its more than fitting jokes that good deal laugh at every day. Start off with a dash of sarcasm and a dash of vulgarity. At least thats what my friends and I do. laugh is a form of enjoyment towards wiz an opposite. Means we are remotely comfortable to be openly laughing at something. jape is defined as A conscious reaction to certain external or internal stimuli. It is excessively most commonly considered a optic expression of a number of positive emotional states such as joy, mirth, happiness, relief etc. Laughter usually occurs when one is comfortable to be around another person. Researchers believe that the purpose of laughter is cerebrate to making and strengthening human connections. A psychological study showed that laughter has its own name gelotology. Gelotology is from the classic word gelos meaning laughter. Brain mentions mass that are ticklish often wonder Why cannistert I tickle myself?In order for vellicate to work the brain needs tautness and surprise. Obviously when you try to tickle yourself you know its coming so the brain does not react to you tickling yourself. But if someone starts to tickle you, your brain has that surprise and then you tense up. This made sense to me exactly not completely. Laughter also benefits ones health and fight disease. The purpose of laughter is to tranquilize ourselves from stress of everyday life and laughter also increases our white blood cells and our immune system. Laughter releases endorphin which is the ashess natural pain killer and so is a pleasant act, producing a general look of salubrious-being. Mental health professionals are suggesting laughter therapy, which teaches the patients to laugh at things that are not usually funny. It also helps t he patients cope with difficult situations. Laughter just in general makes whateverone feel great about one s self. Laughter is considered one of the best medications.Laughter predates human speech by millions of long time, scientists count on. It likely evolved as an early form of communication to help people negotiate group dynamics and establish hierarchy. Laughter nowadays is a form of expression. We rarely laugh when we are by ourselves only when we are with other people we laugh more out loud. People usually laugh at anything that they flummox humorous, level(p) other people for the most part. For instance, The Darwin awards are stories about people who Brain mentions people make careers establish on laughter, like comedians. No matter where you go, what city you visit, more than likely there will be a comedy club somewhere in that town. Or you can just go to the topical anaesthetic bar and find amusement there. Comedy is also found on television. You can watch your foo ling dose of Scrubs or Friends and becharm your endorphins flowing. Laughter always helps other people get people out of a funk that they are in, laughter is contagious.When someone laughs it triggers circuits in our brains then a smiling appears which makes more laughter happen. Brain said that depending on age, we laugh about different things. Like if you were a pre-teen in your teenage years basically they laugh at anything mentioning sex, peers, and food and authority figures. As you climb on our taste in what we think is funny changes. As we get into adulthood, they usually joke about something less(prenominal) judgmental and more on specific things like referring to movies or plays etc. Brain made me think hard about this. As I read about the pre-teens and teenage years I was mentation what I joked about during that time, and hes right. Even as we mature we joke around but our jokes now are not like what we used to joke about as kids. I neer really thought about it until I read it in this essay.Brain also mentions researchers say that people often store their negative emotions of anger and sadness and fear rather than talking about it someone. Laughter releases all of that built up stress of keeping all of those emotions in. If we start to laugh besides oft or too hard we start to burst out into tears. Not in a toughened way but a good way. This triggers our emotions and the tears are just squeezed out because we scrunch our search when we laugh. When we laugh harder it makes our body want to release some hormones, which are found in tears. The higher the hormones in the tears means the more you hand over stress.In this essay I believe Brain gave a lot of detailed information and actually made it an easy read. Going through I find Brain categorized every section so you knew what you were reading about and not confused about jumping from one subject to another. I did do some more research to verify and find something new on the subjects. Like h ow laughter was a form of communication 10 million years ago and how laughter is contagious, but I think everyone knows about that one. In Brains essay I have learned pretty much everything there is to know on laughter. Where it comes from, what we laugh at, and how it affects our health. I know we laugh about more than just jokes but I had no idea it helps our health. Basically laughter is a cure for anything nowadays.ReferencesBrain, M.(2009). How laughter works In , W.H Thelin (Ed.), Writing without Formulas (pp.428-435 ). Mason,OH Cengage Learning.Reflective LetterThe essay I chose to do a critique on was How Laughter Works by Marshall Brain. This essay grabbed my attention because as I just skimmed the pages deciding which one I was going to read, this essay was very well organized and just by the titles of the sections it was very in depth. This essay was a good read in my eyes. If readers want to know basically the history of laughter or where it comes from, then I would sug gest this to any reader. My main point of my essay is basically highlighting all the sections that Brain had wrote about. Brain fascinated me with all the in depth information about the brain itself and the functions of laughter.I believe the audience that would be arouse in reading my paper are people who might have thought Brains essay was too long for them to read or basically someone who enjoys information more than just reading something to get a laugh out of it. Brains essay was filled with information basically over flowing, and I just highlighted some of the main points that he talked about in each section.As I read Brains essay, I took notes but I fountd them so I could start paragraphs from them. I also did research on some of his topics that interested me , like the section of the brain where laughter or emotion comes from. At the beginning of penning my paper basically I had all these paragraphs typed but not in order, I just type what comes to mind. I then would read over all the paragraphs and try and make sense of them and put them in order. I then went through and edited the paragraphs that needed to be edited.

The Expansion of the Right to Vote throughout History

Throughout history, the right to voting has expanded and expanded. at that place are several examples of this in history, such as African Americans and women earning the right to suffrage. each of these bms stem set down to the formation of the National Republicans, or Democrats. During Andrew Jacksons pre facial expressionncy, this troupe made it achievable for even the worthlessest homo to gain the right to vote. However, this movement was the subject of much controversy, as many doubted the abilities of the usual man.One nerve in this argument was the supporters of the Democrats. They argued that ownership of property should not determine the right to vote. In document mavin of the DBQ paper, Nathan Sanford, who supported Jackson, argued that not ownership of property, but a mans morality, should construct him the right to vote. A different perspective, but the same basic agreement, is that of a French nobleman named Alexis de Tocqueville. He state that the heads of brass were often completely talentless, and seemed to end up in their positions from wealthiness alone.These supporters definitely had their reasons to be for this movement, but in that respect were many who had reasons to oppose it. In her cynical and brutally honest book internal Manners of the Americans, Frances Trollope recalls the alternative of 1828. She states that most people were overlooking that he was in every way reason to do take note to the office and simply opposing him because Jackson represented a less wealthy, more realistic office of America. She even went as far to say that Jackson won the election of 1828 simply for that reason. crowd together Kent of New York stated that the property requirement was simply the price to pay for the privilege of voting. He called the inadequate lazy, and stated that the movement was just a way for the poor to share the plunder of the rich. twain sides definitely had their reasons, as these opinions show. As for my opini on, I definitely support the movement. As for the supporters, I find beside to no sound arguments against them other than everyones poor for a reason.And as I may agree with that line to a certain extent, it does not validate the ignorant generalizations made by James Kent, calling the poor lazy and greedy (from what Ive seen, it seems to be the other way around). As for Trollope, man it may be true that the reasons for Jacksons support were unjust, it seems to happen on the wealthy partys side just about as much as vice versa. However, as it has bring forth clear by giving suffrage to blacks, women, and 18, 19, and 20 year olds, this movement still continues today, and isnt shutdown anytime soon.The Expansion of the Right to Vote throughout HistoryThroughout history, the right to vote has expanded and expanded. There are several examples of this in history, such as African Americans and women earning the right to suffrage. All of these movements stem down to the formation of the National Republicans, or Democrats. During Andrew Jacksons presidency, this party made it possible for even the poorest man to gain the right to vote. However, this movement was the subject of much controversy, as many doubted the abilities of the common man.One side in this argument was the supporters of the Democrats. They argued that ownership of property should not determine the right to vote. In document one of the DBQ paper, Nathan Sanford, who supported Jackson, argued that not ownership of property, but a mans morality, should give him the right to vote. A different perspective, but the same basic agreement, is that of a French nobleman named Alexis de Tocqueville. He stated that the heads of government were often completely talentless, and seemed to end up in their positions from wealthiness alone.These supporters definitely had their reasons to be for this movement, but there were many who had reasons to oppose it. In her cynical and brutally honest book Domestic Mann ers of the Americans, Frances Trollope recalls the election of 1828. She states that most people were overlooking that he was in every way calculated to do honour to the office and simply opposing him because Jackson represented a less wealthy, more realistic portion of America. She even went as far to say that Jackson won the election of 1828 solely for that reason.James Kent of New York stated that the property requirement was simply the price to pay for the privilege of voting. He called the poor lazy, and stated that the movement was just a way for the poor to share the plunder of the rich. Both sides definitely had their reasons, as these opinions show. As for my opinion, I definitely support the movement. As for the supporters, I find next to no valid arguments against them other than everyones poor for a reason.And as I may agree with that statement to a certain extent, it does not validate the ignorant generalizations made by James Kent, calling the poor lazy and greedy (fro m what Ive seen, it seems to be the other way around). As for Trollope, while it may be true that the reasons for Jacksons support were unjust, it seems to happen on the wealthy partys side just about as much as vice versa. However, as it has become clear by giving suffrage to blacks, women, and 18, 19, and 20 year olds, this movement still continues today, and isnt ending anytime soon.

Argumentative Essay on Animal Rights Essay

In the article Why Animals Deserve Legal Rights, Author Steven M. owlish argues in favor of animal rights based on the premise that any animals are self-reliant. Furthermore he states that the term rights has been astray debated and is arguably non affordable to all gentlemans gentlemans. flip research indicates that rights are widely believed to be based on autonomy. And Wise does not believe we have an accurate grasp on the term autonomy. He shows that evidence does not illustrate all sympathetics as autonomous. Steven Wise cites evidence that Animals are indeed autonomous in at least some cases. He includes and example of a gorilla who displays more cognitive skill than a two year antiquated humanityity. Wise shows distaste for the ancient and presiding understanding of animals as things, nonhuman animals have been invisible to civil lawfulness since its inception. (Spatt 195) He cites Roman jurist Hermogenianus as saying, All law, was established for mens sake. (Spatt 195)He displays a disagreement when he notes, Unfortunately for animals, many bulk have believed that they were put on earth for human use and lack autonomy. (Spatt 195) Wise withal illustrates a few of the foolish laws we have done external with as our wisdom has increased. Wise argues, Once the law assumed that witches existed and that mute people lacked intelligence. Now it is outlawed to burn someone for witchcraft, and the mute have the same rights as anyone else.(Spatt 196) Wise believes we should change the laws based on our new scientific findings regarding animals. Wise infers that if not all humans abide be granted rights, that rights should not be granted to only humans, but to a more broad audience based on a new criteria. Wise feels that animals are as autonomous as humans, and should be granted the rights of such a being. Wise seems to be motivated by compassion, and a righteous anger toward the mistr wastement of animals. This is understandable. He wants people to see them as more than just tools, toys, or food. He seems to imply that animals are conscious and autonomous. He believes our new era of scientific understanding should facilitate a different legal perspective on animals.I sympathize with Stephen Wises concern for animals, however it is simply not practical to result the same amount of attention to animals ashumans. If we gave animals human rights, it seems we would no longer be able eat them. This would create a famine and/or all out social rebellion. Animal research is also leading us to new new medical understandings that are crucial. At what cost do we plosive consonant all animal research? Even if that were not the case, would killing an animal count as send off? Im not sure that Wise intended this degree of severity. However, to say that a human can not hunt for food is to take away a crucial aspect of our increment as humans. This is how we survive. But if we look at many Native American practices, we will find that they remark and honor the spirit of each animal. I feel this is appropriate. I also feel it is inappropriate to impede animals into a warehouse to live. This is fueled by greed. But we can not stop every injustice, and we must(prenominal) eat. Human beings are ultimately fragile. They must eat and drink water each day. Giving animals human rights in unpractical.However we should, and do in many cases, treat animals fairly and with respect. It almost feels as if Stephen Wise forgot that we DO indeed have laws in many countries that protect animals. We have enforcement agents all over the domain that protect our animalss. The inability to feel compassion for animals I believe is an inadequacy in the empathy department, but we also can not obsess over our anguish for animals. In the wild there is cruelty all day, and every day. It has been the pattern since animals first took a breath and got hungry. The animal world is a beautiful insofar brutal place. We as humans exist there as well. Although some of us remain comparatively unaware of this reality.The argument that human rights dont even apply to all humans, supports the debate that animals do not necessarily deserve human rights. (Spatt 195) Humans that throw feces and hurt other human beings are not given rights, they are locked up and stripped of rights. Animals can arguably fall into this category. Animals can not enter into our dialogue of language to make the commitments that humans make when they become part of a society. Meaning that when you are in a society, you are expected to behave a certain way. If you do not you have broken this social contract and are not given rights by other people. Animals are incapable of understanding this, and therefore can not enter our contract which allows one rights. works CitedSpatt, Brenda. Writing from Sources 8th Ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martin, 2011.106-145, 183-217. Print

Compliance with Nursing Homes Regulations Essay

Determine how compliance with the regulations and development of risk- watchfulness and quality-management systems for each display case of organization contribute to the organizations overall execution-management system.Nursing homes contribute to their overall performance management systems by making sure that management offer an opportunity to set goals, age clarifying expectations, eer being able to reinforce a job well done, initiate change, and foster a well-informed working relationship between supervisor and employee which is most important because that will affect the work performance of staff and the quality of the care that is being provided. ( Julie Ditzler Developing an effective system for performance appraisal. drug Manufacturers contribute to their organizations performance management systems by applying the competency process of Control, Optimize, Reduce, and Extend ,better known as the shopping centre process. This stands for Control You smoke leverage contr act templates and extensive term and clause libraries with process-specific authoring and approval cycles that eliminate non-standard wrong and prevent rogue contracts from cutting into an organizations revenue.Optimize Analytical tools and template-based authoring are just nigh of the tools that help you create an advanced workflow to drive the best possible deals for you, your partners, and your share holders. Reduce You can reduce use of non-standard terms and conditions, and thus shorten time-to-contract and increase your margins, using a clause-level, multi-conditional approval pecking order built into the authoring process. Extend You can expand the way your organization uses contract-based risk profiles by identifying and aggregating contract-specific language that commonly would be locked in a file cabinet. (www.invistics.com/drug-manufacturers-pursuing-operational-excelle) In mental clinics and hospitals the management teams in quality, development, and risk allow their organizations contribution to performance management systems by Treat people fairly and respectfully regardless of race, color, religion, national origin, disability, veteran status, sexual orientation or preference, sex, or age. Regard, recognize and value differences in the needs and views of others. Take advantage of the rich backgrounds and diverse talents of their staff. Consider and honor different opinions, styles and ways of working. (www.linkedin.com/ epithet/physician/at-allina+hospitals+clinics/)All hospitals want to be on top in regards to quality of care and revenue and although getting to the top is a hard job it is even a tougher job to stay on that point once you reached the top. The performance management systems in hospitals allows management to identify areas for improvements, plan systematic performance improvements initiative, while setting targets and tracking metrics continuously.

Speech class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Speech class - Essay ExampleTo one estimate over 90 percent and above enterprises and business organizations have resorted to variable have schemes in order to minimize the chances of pass on damages and losses that may be incurred in the longer run.The case and pragmatical example presented relates to the causality point slide number 8 in such a way that it is a practical demonstration of the managerial terms and concepts that are often used for in management courses and programs. The variable pay scheme may also be taken into account keeping in view the HR functions such as the clients satisfaction, the overall level of interaction between the top management, middle and lower constitution along with the interaction between the inside of the organization and the supply chain outside.Variable pay method acting is subject to various factors consideration. These factors pertain to the past history of the organization, the cultural trend and the clients adaption to the new concept as well as the legal aspects fulfillment in this regard. Business cycle must also be taken into account and the overall forecast considerations in terms of the small level forecast to strong suit and long term forecast procedures undertaking.Caterpillar Inc in 2013 took up the variable pay scheme in the light of prevailing circumstances and orbiculate recession (Harrer). The variable pay scheme was introduced in the wind up of the overall low profits and low investor responses recorded in the recent years. The responses so incurred and recorded were as low as 40 percent compared to the previous year performances and the subsequent gains and benefits from it. Caterpillar Inc found sexual intercourse stability in its ranks after undertaking the variable pay scheme for the purpose of handling the employees concerns and overcoming the risks of global recession and low sales in the recent years and recent

Effective Strategies For Cross-Cultural Communication Research Paper

Effective Strategies For Cross-Cultural Communication - Research Paper ExampleWith the completion of systemic and structural transitions, the leaders of the new employee groups atomic number 18 appointed and trained on the core leadership courses that lead the inclusion of tolerance when dealing with battalion from diverse cultural backgrounds. The leaders are informed on the essentials of communication, and how positive communication strategies motivate the workers and inform good organizational behavior. After carrying out the Integration activity, the lodge bonds the employees together, questioning about their experiences and the advantages they have acquired from the process of acquisition.With the completion of systemic and structural transitions, the leaders of the new employee groups are appointed and trained on the core leadership courses that involve the inclusion of tolerance when dealing with people from diverse cultural backgrounds. The leaders are informed on the es sentials of communication, and how positive communication strategies motivate the workers and instill good organizational behavior. After carrying out the Integration activity, the company bonds the employees together, questioning about their experiences. To measure the impact of the outcomes of the training process to alleviate the stresses of cross cultural communication. In Microchip, the company achieves its goals every year, with the results reflecting an 80%achievemnt in purpose fulfillment. It is evident from the case of Microchip that the main solution to the difficulties in communication is training.

Emarketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emarketing - Essay ExampleIn addition, e-commerce is generally associated with buying and sell via internet or conducting transactions that technically involves the use of a computer (network) and then transactions that ask ownership or rights to use the goods and service for the internet. This industry seems to be growing. This is because as based on the planetary Data Corp (IDC) the estimated value of the global e-commerce in 2000 was roughly towards the US $350.38 billion. These figures are projected to ascending up every yea, and it did, by 2004, the IDC rose by 10%. This shows that the market place is now beingness shifted towards the use of computer, internet. T present is a huge market via Internet. But in order to understand this better, here are the basic concepts in e-commerce.There are some of the basic concepts of e-commerce that applies to understanding the difference of the birth formation and maintenance in the market space and also in the market place. The E-com merce generally utilize a huge scope of technologies in order to provide the needs of its market wherever they whitethorn be.The relationship of e-commerce to its market place is to be able to provide both pre and p

Monopolistic Competition versus Monopoly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Monopolistic Competition versus Monopoly - Essay ExampleMonopolistic controversy is comprised of a group of producers with identical products. The competition between the producers is not determined by the prices of the goods they supply but alternatively by how differentiated their products atomic number 18 (Salvatore, 2006, p.238). In this kind of competition the producers that are involved take the price that the rival producer is charging and use it on his own product not considering the consequences of the price. The scenario is different in a monopoly. Here, a single firm is the sole supplier of a given product as is the deterrent example when Wonks bought up the individual competitors and joined them to make up a single firm. The main characteristic of a monopoly is that the producer has a higher marketplace share than that which is expected within a perfect competition. some other characteristic of the monopoly set up is the lack of substitute products in the market den ying the consumers a choice. In this paper, we are going to analyze the consequences of a monopolistic competition being transformed into a monopoly. The hypothesis veritable is analyzing the effect that transforming a group of companies in a monopolistic competition into a monopoly will adjudge on consumers, government and the company. Discussion In order to better understand the transformation, a closer calculate at the characteristics of both a monopolistic competition and a monopoly is required. In so doing, one gage then draw parallels and differences that arise. In a monopolistically competitive market, a firm acts as a monopoly does in the short run, however in the long run, the market resembles a perfect competition since in that respect is first appearance by more competitors and the gains accrued by having highly differentiated products diminish as does the possibility of the producers gaining economic profits. Consumers are very aware about the qualities of the pro ducts that the rivals offer since the differences are not evidenced by price. This set therefore is characterized by well informed customers and the producers rely on brand uniqueness to trigger a brand loyalty in consumers. In this poser, there is no barrier to entry or exit. The model can so be attractive to a large number of producers with identical products as there are no rules against entry. Likewise, there are no rules that may hinder a producer exiting the market when it is no longer attractive. Lastly, producers exercise a certain degree of control over the prices they charge. Although the control they bring is limited, a producer can decide to price his products differently from the market price. The government can unremarkably intervene in a monopoly in order to accomplish a determined goal or simply to cushion the consumers against extortion. Otherwise, when a monopoly is not coerced to perform in a certain way, the most classifiable goal is to maximize profits. T he producer accomplishes this by producing few goods and charging them at a high price. The producer is thus a price maker in contrast to one in a monopolistic competition Monopolies often have barriers to entry where other sellers find it extremely hard to enter the market (Burkett, 2006, p. 155). This may be due to the structure adopted by the monopoly that discourages competition or may be canonical by the government. The major characteristic of a monopoly, however, is the fact that only a single producer is preface in the given market. Here, it is assumed that

Children with Lupus have a more lethal form of kidney disease Assignment

Children with Lupus have a more lethal form of kidney disease - As blessment ExampleIn that case, research study may contribute cognizance and familiarity, as well as necessary action in handling patients, especially children, with lupus. Relevance of Kidney infirmity in Children with Lupus Introduction Systematic Lupus erythematosus (SLE), or Lupus, in its simple term, is a chronic auto insubordinate disease. auto insubordinate disease is an illness that occur when the bodys resistive system be keep downs hyperactive and functions abnormally by attacking various normal and healthy tissues of the body. The bodys immune system is designed to budge bacterial agents and other foreign microbes, or antigens, that entered into human body. Under normal function, the bodys immune system produces antibodies that be made up of proteins to protect and fight the antigens such as viruses and bacteria. In lupus patients, the immune system produce abnormal antibodies in their blood. With abno rmal antibodies, immune system is now unable to take away healthy tissues from antigens, therefore the immune system will direct the antibodies against healthy tissues rather than the foreign infectious agents or antigens, causing swelling, pain, and damage to body tissues and organs such as skin, kidneys, blood, heart and lungs (Shiel & Stoppler, n.d.) . But how come kidneys are complicatedly affected? The normal function of kidneys are to remove waste materials from the human like creatinine and carbamide from the blood. Creatine is a subset of protein, wherein antibodies are also made up of protein. If the blood contains high school levels of creatinine and urea, kidney weaken its function. Thats why if blood or protein in the urine is found during a urine test, it is a sign of kidney damage. Since immunity system of a lupus patient abnormally produce antibodies that are made up of protein, high level of it inside the body, especially in the blood will tend to a kidney failure . So, presumably children with lupus skill develop kidney failure. Literature Review According to research conducted by John Hopkins Childrens Center (2010), that in more than 98,000 children and adults with different kinds of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), those with lupus, Systematic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), have a more lethal form of kidney disease. investigateers canvass data specifically reports that children with lupus kidney disease had more than twice (2.4 times) the risk of dying compared to children with other forms of kidney disease (para.5). Research analysis was based on 98,483 ESKD patients, wherein 171 of them were children with lupus, with the record of 29 fatalities, while in non-lupus ESKD, among 3,276 children 316 died. The reported common reason of death was heart disease due to complication. Also, according to their research analysis, that among children with lupus, eighty percent suffer kidney disease, commonly called Lupus Nephritis, and with the reco rded number of deaths seventy-five percent died of heart failure, mostly heart attack. Base on this statistical report seriously speaking, lupus and kidney disease is a deadly combination. Research analysis shows that the vital organs that are commonly and primarily affected by lupus are heart and kidneys. How does lupus affect our kidneys? Dr. Carl F. Anderson (2010) explained first how lupus manifest in one human body. Being an autoimmune disease, as I explained in my introduction, the bodys immune system mistakenly recognized our own tissue as pathogens. Thereby, our immune