Computed Tomography (CT scan) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Computed Tomography (CT scan) - Research Paper ExampleThe last two decades deliver seen popularity in terms of the increase of exercising and new technological implications that can enhance this machine to produce tied(p) more detailed imaging solutions in the future. That being said, the potential side effects of this imaging that have been known to cause cancer or kidney problems in most show windows, make a strong case against the development and use of such a technology.This paper will elaborate on the technology and its usage with a study on the potential side effects of this kind of imaging. It will also talk light on is wide spread application in todays medical knowledge domain and means through which the harmful implications from the use of radiation technology of CT scanning can be minimized.The word tomography is derived from the Greek language where tomo means slice and graphien means write (Medical News Today, 2013). The technology basically involves the creation of 3-D imaging with the help of many 2-D images taken of the body, referring to the slicing of images. First introduced in the 1970s, the technology has come a long way as far as the mechanism and clinical usage patterns of this technology atomic number 18 concerned.Starting off with the technology itself, computing tomography or Ct scanning conventionally makes use of an x-ray tube and sensory detectors that rotate behind the circular turn up of the scanning head. Several functional options enable doctors to focus on a specialized scan that whitethorn be used to evaluate a specific body part for example blood vessels, nerve or bones. As the rotation takes place several mages are captured and collected as sonograms. These multiple sonograms are then made into information that can be interpreted. Sonograms combine through tomographic reconstruction to produce a series of cross sectional images. There are various types of mathematical and geometric techniques that can be used for thi s conversion, like linear algebra, filtered back

HISTORY Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HISTORY - Article ExampleThis theory emphasis on mass communication as an agent to transmit. This theory is another example of plan change. Planned change has high probability of relapse and regression. Emergent change is sudden and not anticipated. The societies as well as soulfulnesss are always prone to change.Change basically refers to making or becoming different in some particular way without losing permanently the original characteristics. It may also mean, to become different in essence. Change can either be sudden or might be planned such(prenominal) that it is bound to happen, at one time or another. Change can either be individual, intergroup or social. In individuals change is further categorized into emotional, behavioral and cognitive. In inter-personal or relationships, change involves contact hypothesis, de miscellany and re-categorization and also acknowledgement, mourning and forgiveness. (Zaltman, 1977, p. 45).Basically, change can be emergent or planned this w hole termination depends on the emblem of change that we are talking about. If for instance we are talking about individual change management, Kurt Lewin in his sticker of change states that, there are 3 portrays in this process. The first stage is called unfreezing. (Harris 2004, p56.).According to Kurt, this stage involves overcoming inertia and dismantling the existing mindset of the individual. At this stage the natural abnegation mechanisms have to be by passed. Change occurs in the consequence stage. ... The final stage according to Kurt is know as the Re-freezing stage. The new mind step is beginning to get into place and ones comfort level is move to the earlier levels. (Macredie 1998, p.53). An example in this model would be a drug addict who is determined to take leave drugs. During the initial stages or otherwise known as the unfreezing period, the person is trying hard to stop the abuse. He/she has to contend with withdrawal symptoms and some are even likely to g o back to drugs. They enter the second stage. The second stage is characterized by confusion. ace doesnt know what they want. They are out of drugs but still tone for alternative replacements. The unfreezing stage marks the complete metamorphosis form drugs to a drug free person. One is also comfortable with his/her new life style. (Bennis 1976, p.38). According to this theory, we can therefore see that change was planned because it has to undergo all those stages. According to Kubler-Rosss model change can also be emergent. The stages in this model describe the personal and emotional states that a person encounters when dealing with loss of a loved one. This type of change happens without prior arrangements or plan. Indeed, in some cases, people have gone mad subsequently learning that their dear ones have died. The impact of that news is so strong that someone who was jolly and wholly happy may even faint after hearing bad news. (Zaltman, 1977, p.63).Other peoples lives never abide to be the same after such an ordeal. A young man, who was always happy and kind to around anyone, developed emotional problems as well as temperament problems after he had an accident and know that he was never going to walk again because he had been paralyzed. The derivatives of Rosss model can

Merits and Demerits of Bariatric Surgery in the Treatment of Type 2 Literature review

Merits and Demerits of Bariatric Surgery in the discussion of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Overweight and Obese Adults - Literature review ExampleBariatric operations are basically grouped into totally restrictive, nearly restrictive, and mostly malabsorptive procedures (Ferrannini and Mingrone, 2009, p. 516) but the most common surgery performed is Roux-en-Y gastric bypass through which between 33 and 77% of excess weight can be disconnected (Buchwald et al., 2004, p. 1730). General consensus among clinicians is that the bariatric operations founder proved to be particularly appreciative medical treatment for diabetes associated with fleshiness and cardiovascular diseases. Also enquiry has it that all these surgical options are potentially capable of helping the diabetic patients in terms of fast recovery, weight adjustment, cardiovascular risk factors management, and fundamental reduction in fatality rate of 23% from a troubling 40% (Robinson, 2009, p. 521). Evidence ab e gress the role, credibility, and shortcomings of bariatric surgery as a stentorian treatment option for type 2 DM is gathered through reviewing credible scientific journals and findings are discussed and scrutinized in this paper as an attempt to compare and contrast what different researchers have said on this subject so far. Literature Review For people having a BMI of at least 35 with significant comorbidities like diabetes, bariatric surgery is ruled out as a safe and healthy recommendation by the health care professionals as this is considered a wise decision with great payoffs (Robinson, 2009, p. 520). In a research study involving as many as 232 obese patients with type 2 DM from 1979 to 1994, it is claimed by MacDonald et al. (1997) that 154 out of them underwent gastric bypass operation and had their small intestines resected while the rest did not... Surgery is repeatedly claimed to be an legal early intervention for diabetes by different researchers. Much research has b een done on the subject of specialty of bariatric surgery in weight loss and diabetes-related outcomes in the obese adults. Weight reduction is the first most strategy which should be considered by the diabetic patients as the progression rate of diabetes heavily relates to the obesity rate. A reduction in all-cause mortality is stressed in the literature on bariatric surgery and its implications because the surgical interventions generally aim at decreasing the weight as obesity in itself is a potential driver of many cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunctions. The charm of bariatric surgical interventions like gastric bypass surgery is that they are performed to achieve multiple targets and may or may not include weight loss depending on the situation. This means that diabetic patients of think physique can also go through bariatric surgery to have their diabetes treated only. However different sources cite that complications resulting from weight loss surgery vary and are deno unce including nutritional deficiencies, kidney issues, bone fracture risks, postprandial diarrhea, and other metabolic bones diseases. Among the postsurgical complications, gastric dumping syndrome which involves bloating and diarrhea after mealsforms the commonest complication of bariatric surgery performed to treat type 2 DM in overweight or obese adult patients.

Performance Related Pay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Performance colligate Pay - Essay ExampleA critical look at action constitute nonetheless points to the fact that this method utilizes only performance as the determinant factor. It neglects other important determinants of pay much(prenominal) as no knowledge and skills, educational background and orientation, possession of relevant experience and other outside(a) factors that play equally important roles in determining the amount of salary. The performance pay governing body may sometimes lack proper control dust therefore giving superiors unwarranted control oer the system. The system relies on money as the sole motivator hence it assumes that workers ar so interest in monetary gains such that they will increase production as long as they are paid for it.However there exists checks and balances which if put in place will make the implementation knead of this system all much easier and acceptable to the employees. Many organizations have turned into the performance pay system as their basis of rewarding, reviewing salaries as advantageously as for job evaluation. Also many organizations have resorted into the performance pay system in order to motivate their employees who achieve outstanding and exemplary results. The pay system just the likes of many others is vulnerable to abuse and misuse. Research has shown that there have been many cases of contrast and segregation, which happens in organization as a direct result of an employees gender, colour, race, governmental orientation as well as religious affiliation. Performance Pay and Unfair DiscriminationWhen discrimination is applied to employees, it contributes to de-motivation and therefore change output. Countries have put in place anti discrimination laws to check on arbitrary and unjust discrimination against employees. Discrimination can be in various forms such as, on gender, race, nationality, marital status, ideology, political inclination, disability or religious affiliation. Anti discrimination laws protect employees and ensures that they are treated in think of to terms entered in the contract of employment. Employers should ensure equal pay regardless of individual backgrounds or circumstances. pair pay is different from identical pay in that the latter depends on other factors such as length of service and age. Discrimination can either be direct, i.e., whereby and employer treats a person less favorably than others on the grounds of sex, marital status or race.Indirect discrimination occurs whereby the effect of a position of employment is discriminatory.Employers should offer or make adjustments to working conditions in order to ensure that vulnerable groups are not at a disadvantage and thus they can perform or deliver like the rest of the employees. Victimization should be eliminated for it will affect the output of the victim and eventually lead to unjust reward. Management of companies can use the performance pay system as a human preference st rategy in order to attract and retain the best employees.There is a significant birth between pay and performance in order for organization to attract appropriate staff their pay must look relatively attractive. While it is in the interest of most employees to earn the best salaries assertable it is worthy noting that the interest of employer and employee significantly differ. For the employer the interest is more on employee performance hence they will not mind paying more in order to getting more

Changing Labor Markets and Demographics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Changing Labor Markets and Demographics - Essay ExampleBased on this, economical security is non only achievable by one being in practice but also the mensuration of work and the remuneration he or she gets from employment (Schiller, 2008). Two approaches argon instrumental when measuring the space of time that one works. These include the number of weeks one spends at work in a twelvemonth and the number of hours one spends in a week. Cumulatively, this leads to the computation of the sum of hours a worker spends in employment for a whole year. According to available statistics, the higher the number of weeks spent at work by households, the lower the rates of poverty. This statement directly affects workers who work part time. There are much right time workers than part time in the economy. This insinuates that the work experience of the poor is not properly highlighted by such a rate of incidence. According to the U.S Department of Labor, persons who have devoted 27 weeks o r more to working or looking for work and who lived in families with incomes below the official poverty threshold are denoted as the working poor (U.S Department of Labor, 2012). In chapter 8 of the same book, Schiller traces back the poverty spatial relation in America during the 1960s. During this period, many Americans believed that targeted assistance and economic reaping could eliminate poverty. This was the War on poorness initiated by Lyndon Johnson. The results of the war include an improved economy, 70 per cent rise in house incomes and an expand employed labor hitting the 70 million mark. The U.S government dedicated a significant counterpoise of its expenditure than ran into billions of dollars into programs that aid the poor. However, poverty is yet to disappear in totality (Lofquist, Lugaila, Lofquist, & Feliz, 2012). This is because even the 1980s and 90s, economic expansions have only reduced the population of the poor in the U.S dismally. The fact that increased economic growth is unable to tame poverty levels is an issue that has elicited numerous debates. One such debate think on the worldly concern of an underclass. These poor people have been alienated along social lines. These persons fail to bear on with the conventional values, prosperity and incentives (Jenkins, 2012). Schiller decided to explore the gardening of poverty to understand the reason behind the existence of this group within the American population. This culture spans back to the colonial times when poverty was regarded as the indication of sin or a vice. This was attributable to the availability of opportunities of economic security that could be acquired by self except the black man. In this context, the poor people were considered as morally bankrupt and received acidulated treatment. For instance, the shoulders of the paupers in Pennsylvania were marked with letter P to serve as warning to unsuspecting members of the population. These kinds of culture portray how some behaviors and norms contributed to the difficulties when addressing poverty (Lofquist, Lugaila, Lofquist, & Feliz, 2012). Mishel, Bivens, Gould and Shierholz in The State of Working America, examine how the policy driven dissimilitude blocks affect the living standards for the low and middle income Americans. The authors share the view that the United States economy has done zero point to improve the living standards for majority of American households. This is because wealth inequality accruing from unfair rise in income and payoff characterizes the economy. The rise in this trend is attributable to policy responses that

Find solution and essay(Easy work) Research Paper

Find solution and essay(Easy work) - Research Paper ExampleFrom the lists of tables provided by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, Table 2.1 shows the Personal Income and its Disposition (www.bea.gov, 1). nominative personal income for the first quarter of 2011 is $12,980 one thousand thousand while nominal disposable income is $11,711.6 one million million after deducting nominal or current personal taxes of $1,268.4 billion. Nominal personal manipulation or personal consumption expenditures comprise the largest part of the personal outlays as it amounted to $10, 683.8 billion. The nominal personal savings or the amount left from the disposable income after deduction of the personal outlays is $663.6 billion. peripheral propensity to save or MPS is the increase in savings per unit increase in income. It is computed by dividing the swap in savings by the smorgasbord in income. From the same table, Table 2.1, savings increased from $640 billion in the last quarter of 2010 to $663. 6 billion in the first quarter in 2011. This means that savings increased by $23.6 billion. On the other hand, personal income also increased from $12,724 billion in the last quarter of 2010 to $12,980 billion in the first quarter of 2011. After subtracting the two amounts, there was a $256 billion increase in the personal income. From the formula, MPS = change in savings / change in income, MPS is equal to 0.09.Marginal propensity to consume or MPC is the increase in consumption spending per unit increase in income. It is computed by dividing the change in consumption expenditures by the change in income. And based from Table 2.1, personal consumption expenditure in the last quarter of 2010 was $10,513.6 and $10,683.8 in the first quarter of 2011. So, a $170.2 billion increase in personal consumption expenditure was computed. quest the formula, MPC = change in consumption/ change in income, MPC is equal to 0 .66.However, if MPS and MPC will be computed using income after deductio n of

Social Media at Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social Media at Work - Essay ExampleThese be valid reasons that should be put in consideration about the issue of fond media at work. However, there are other ways that such organization can effectively use social media. Employees leave alone get an opportunity to research on important issues about the organizations such as connecting with customers or researching on projects to complete (Kovary 46).Many organizations require social media use for roles like sales, research, marketing, customer service and recruitment. Its hence major for the employees to understand the effective use of social media (Kovary 46). In order to manage so, the organization should pull up stakes training on the issue of appropriate use of media, establish a social media policy that bequeath provide the conduct expectations, include an open dialogue on the consequences of negative behavior on social media, and also communicate the standards and policy frequently with employees and managers (Kovary

Palestinian-Civil Right Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Palestinian-Civil Right Movement - Essay archetypeThis has led to generation of several(a) conflicts between these two states. Most of the conflict result to too some(prenominal) of the civilians suffering and mainly there is large displacement of civilian population. This has led major(ip) oppositeness and ostracise of Israel product. These resistances in Palestine state are known as the Intifada. Generally, there is the first, second, and the green intifada. There has been major intifada that come with effects to these two countries (Alimi 80-90). This paper seeks to focus on Palestinian civil overcompensate movement, intifada. The first Palestinian intifada took a period of six years. It began in 1987 to 1993. This was after a 20-year credit line of Israel in Arab states. What agitated this version of resistance was due to Israel occupation of their ancestral habitat and a extensive military brutality (Lockman and Beinin 396). The Palestine perceived the occupation of Jew s in this state as a sour of their human dignity. This felt the occupation of their homeland as a course of instruction of apartheid experienced in otherwise parts of the world. The stabbing of Israel citizen by a Palestinian and a fatal accident that killed four occupants of Jabalya refugee camping which led to Palestinian to see it as a form of vengeance also necessitated this arise. This form of resistance against the Israel started in the region of Gaza and West Bank. It was at this time the effects of intifada became prominent. This uprising was due to various hearsay and rumors perpetuated by the Muslim religious leaders. This form of resistance was well coordinated and had a theme appeal. The first intifada was characterized by peaceful violence, civil disobedience and some form of resistance. Other form of strikes, barriers, tax evasion, drawing of criticism and avoidance of Israel commodities characterized this resistance. Due to its national appeal, majority of the ci vilians bombarded the Israel military with stones, grenades and various form of crude weapons killing and wounding the Israel soldier and civilians. Some of the Palestinians who were perceived to be collaborating with Israel were also lynched. This form of uprising caught Israel troops napping, as they were not prepared to a war of such magnitude. This uprising kept on being fuelled by rumors from Palestinian leaders (Nassar 180-197). Additionally, there was the second intifada that started in the year 2000. This intifada lasted for a period of five years. The second intifada was similar to the first intifada. It was a continuous difference of opinion by Palestinian against the occupation of their land and various form of brutality experienced at the hands of the Israel soldiers. However, Israel has linked this form of civil disobedience and violence to the act of terrorism. This period was characterized mainly by protest, strikes, and attacks on Israel soldier. Moreover, it was c haracterized by the emergence of suicide bombers and hence the numbers of casualties were more than the first intifada. Israel response was by map of curfews, infrastructural attack on Palestine and several checkpoints. This uprising culminated into the Oslo pact and some stability was restored (Carey 115-125). In addition, there was the green intifada whereby Palestinian resisted the occupation of their homeland by planting trees especially the chromatic trees. Olive trees are major contributor to Palestine economy. However, Israel

The Effects of a Adopting a Mandatory Employment Arbitration System in Essay

The Effects of a Adopting a Mandatory Employment Arbitration System in The Middle East and The UK - Essay ExampleThe applications of these historic and legal foundations of arbitrament are explored in the final section as they pertain to the origins of arbitration systems in the Middle East and in the United Kingdom.In order to gain an understanding and appreciation for the dynamics and significance of arbitration as a underlying component of the effective execution of trade agreements, it is necessary to trace its early development. A review of the historical records demonstrates that mechanisms of arbitration bewilder been utilised as a non-military means of dispute resolution that has always functioned as the cornerstone of peaceful exchange of commodities between individuals, groups and nations throughout human history1. This assessment of the historic roots of arbitration illustrates that the foundations of negotiation and the principles of alternative dispute resolution ar e to be found universally among human cultures and have provided an essential foundation for the development of modern mechanisms of arbitration that have become an essential component of outside(a) trade agreements that define the global economy. The concept of arbitration developed historically in the context of result cross-border commercial disputes2. As such, the evolution of arbitration and dispute resolution practices over many centuries speak to a trend that merely seeks to accommodate this i3nitial concept of arbitration on both domestic and international levels3. This interpreter of the paper examines the early historical development of arbitration based on an examination of available historical records and presents it as the background against which the specifics of modern arbitration practices and policies in the UK and the Middle East have developed. It is important to explicate the dynamics of alternative dispute resolution so as to place arbitration in its comme il faut historical context4. It is only then that the social

Sustainable Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Sustainable Supply Chain Management - Essay ExampleAccording to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that rough-and-ready and efficient association puts a business in a better placement to maximize on its profits a business needs to put in place effective methods of managing its chains so that it reduces any wastage that may result and at the same time, being friendly to the environment. Currently, the conceit of environmental management has become a thorny issue across the globe, this has translated to heavy fines and penalties to those businesses and other entities put violating environmental management practices. For this reason, a business ought to rely on effective use and management of its vehicles so that they do not release most of them to places where effective planning can see the use of exactly few of them. This is the idea that has led t the establishment of ideas into sustainable chain management. At the same time, it is distinguished to realize the cr itical need for suppliers in the business and the importance of establishing more links. The work of the production and gross revenue department should be to look for better opportunities for cheaper inputs while trying to sustain those suppliers that the business already has. In doing this, the business is able to remain in operation just in case there is a change in the supply environment, prompting the exit of some important suppliers in the business. the need to mark off sustainability and consistency in terms of product delivery into the market has been the ultimate aim of most businesses.

Analysis of a Disability Deafness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of a impediment Deafness - Essay ExampleDeaf people normally have a complete to partial(p) perceiveing loss. They intentionally watch the lips of the person talking to them and intentionally move theirs, and have a list to ask people to repeat what they had said. In young children, the signs of desensitiseness or the complete inability to hear may be characterized by lack of attention, lack of vocal communication, or reduced educational spoken language development. Deaf persons educational achievement is hindered by inability to hear, which affect their average split performance due to decreased directs of concentration in class. Deaf persons social invigoration in schoolrooms is likewise affected as most of them experience various levels of discrimination. Persons with disability also looking difficulties in their education since they regularly change their career interests. This is caused by their inability to decide on the study fields of study that they are i nterested in to broaden their education. This affects their education in secondary or post-secondary education. Behaviors common with the deaf children includes the inability of students to concentrate in class. Students also have a low level of preparation in the classroom for the academic programs. When completely dissatisfied, they tend to cause disruptions in class. This gouge be by making too much noise, or even sleeping during class period. Deaf students also have a tendency to rely on third party students to provide them with important information. This behavior affects their performance both academically and socially. There are a number of changes or adaptive mechanisms that can be put in place in my class to accommodate these students. One of the basic keep going services to include should be the tutoring service. Secondly, the deaf student should have a special vocalisation to modify them understand important concepts in class. The deaf students who suffer complete he aring should be given an interpreter who should also act as their mentor. This will also boost their morale and social cohesion in the class. Thirdly, these students in my class should be given or provided with academic advising services that will help them take away the right career choice in life. This will play a major role in ensuring that their future is secured. Access and support services should also be provided to them to ensure that they are not stigmatized for being different to others in life. Stigmatization can be done by the provision of mentors in life. strong time captioning should also be provided. Captioning can be done through articulate use of visual aids such as projector to show images where it should be left for enough time for the students to understand the meaning. schoolroom participation and involvement should also be encouraged. Participation will also enable the teacher to signalize the areas in which the student has problems. Some social considerat ions need to be made in order for the deaf students to feel socially considered. This can be done by encouraging participation in classroom activities as well as extra and co-curricular activities. They should also be involved in decisions making in the class since they are members of that class. Members of the class should also be taught how to relate with deaf students. Being a student, I have had an experience with one deaf students in my class. The student had a hard time familial up with the dictation in class. most of the times, the deaf student had to

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Rhetorical Analysis - Essay ExampleLooking beyond its main focus, I spy the aesthetics of the foresee seemed to portray very boring features. In the background every rubric is a black, neutral white, or beige. The curtains to the left of the image have dark shadows and be grey and tan. The merchant valet de chambre sheets and both pillows lie on the bed ar a neutral white. The walls that surround the room argon blank without any clocks or portraits. In the pourboire right corner of the image the BMW logotype is printed in white. The homosexual and chars hair are dark brown. Even the bra that the woman wears is a simple black. Every color scheme of the ad makes it seem not so appealing. The however thing visually appealing on an aesthetic level about this ad is the picture of the BMW that is bleached in red. The color red is very bold and is a color that most spate will notice first and remember. The red car stands out on the page because every other image in the ad is colorless. This way the car becomes the main focus of the man in the ad as well as to someone who is looking at it. The balance of this image is centered. The man is at the top of the bed on top of the woman, and in the middle of the image. The text is also in the center of the image. This forces the viewing audience to absorb the image and text first before becoming aware of the BMW logo. This is because the image and text are the ads main focus. ... Though the room consists of dull colors it resembles a high-class lifestyle. The walls are spotless and the sheets are completely white and clean. The room environment suggests the man and woman are financially stable because they are not in a room filled with trash, dirty clothes, or any markings what so ever. It is passing clean and modern. The sheets are not wrinkled, nor are there any visible stains. This image suggests the lifestyle of people who own BMWs and can resemble the marketers target audience. The target audience is to those men who can afford to defile an attractive luxury car. As I moved from its aesthetics and began to analyze the context of this image, I noticed heavy sexual connotations. The image is so vulgar that at a first glance, one expertness mistake it for an ad selling condoms. The ad shows an attractive man and what seems to be an attractive woman lying in bed. The man is wearing nothing from the waist up and the woman has on a diminutive bra. The man is on top of the woman while she lays perfectly strait underneath him. The fact that the man is on top of her suggests he is in a position of power. The image places men as the prevail sex. He then stares engagingly down at what would be the womans represent. The woman wraps her hold around the mans neck bringing him closer to her. Covering the womans face is a magazine with an image of a BMW. The ad then reads The ultimate attraction in field of honor font. The woman in the ad is only being used for her body. Covering her face while the mans is shown suggests that the womans face is not of equal importance. Also because she does not show any effort to argue, the situation suggests that the woman is compliant and submissive. The image degrades women in the sense that it

Ethics and Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ethics and Sustainability - Essay fontOne of the ethical discussions on sustainability is the promotion of artificial products through the widespread application of genetic engineering in plants and animals, and creation of man-made ecosystem to alter the deteriorating ecological balance.Artificial is defined as formulation of something establish on earthy phenomenon scarcely is completely lacks the intrinsic value of what is natural. Conservative thinkers postulate that incorporating artificial abstract on environmental context is morally unjustified because it violates the natural mechanism of things, and in religious context, it defiles the Gods creation. Conversely, stem turn thinkers posit that the integration of artificial precis in the environment is morally permissible because it helps in the good continuation and preservation of life, especially that the world is facing a huge problems on natural options continuous supplies.Advocators Advocators of anti-artificial s chema argue that the promotion of ersatz products necessitates the used of modern technology, and if certain technology is not yet available, hence new technology must be invented first for the realisation of a specific artificial products. The problems with this is that well-nigh of the time, the actualisation artificial schema post threats on the natural resources because, one, a new technology must be applied to natural things before it can be proven, and if the technology fails, new technologies will be created, which means that the threat on environment will also increase two, the artificial procedures of preserving life in the expense of our natural environment is becoming vicious because of the belief that preservation of life is justified in any given context, wherein our natural environment suffers greatly from this belief because the environment is notwithstanding seen as resource that must be utilised for the nourishment of life. On the other hand, proponents of artif icial schema conjecture that natural resources is finite and limited, hence the need to manufacture ersatz products in the expense and out of natural resources is permissible because through this, the continually increasing demand for basic human needs will be resolved, as well as, the environment will be preserved. Radical thinkers argue that modern technologies may have repercussions but its benefits are countless. They even stress out that application of artificial schema with the aid of technology is the only way humanity can preserve its environment and its people.Today the world is embracing the artificiality of things foods products are macrocosm engineered, while natural environment are being photocopied such as lagoon, rainforest, etc. to prevent the continuous deterioration of the environment, and to preserve its present status. Thus our modern advancements and artificial schemes have created major environmental appointed consequences, as well as, risks that threaten the lives and well-being not only

Whirlpool Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Whirlpool Corporation - Essay ExampleBetter sourcing or hearty management was becoming critical.3. Market The market was demanding and continuous to demand low cost and recrudesce products for the house hold sector. They looked for a better product but that had to come at a footing lesser than the earlier one with lesser features.These key reasons made Whirlpool look for an enterprise huge automation. The corporeal sourcing issues were reflected in the price of the components and as well in the cost of the raw materials which in turn bring itself to an increase in the product price. This increase in the component and the raw material cost also wanted the products to be at the same price train or lower price level for end user customers. If this has to happen the operating cost has to come down and the total cost of intersection needs to get reduced. This could happen only if there is an increased quantities getting produced for the same inputs in monetary value of people an d other consumables.In addition to these, the go with also has to keep its new innovations always coil out. Unless there are new ones coming up in the market, the company would lose its pre-eminence and would start tracking others as market leaders. This also the company cannot afford to happen.Cost reduction is one of the major issues that the company was fighting against. In order to bring down the cost of production, it is important that the company follows the latest material management techniques and also take recourse to global sourcing of components from the places that are cheaper vis--vis the current suppliers. The company therefore, had to source material from Asian countries and these vendors had to be coordinated and monitored to ensure Kanban pull working on the stock systems already in place. Therefore, a system that would unite the materials management in US or European factories and that of the vendor companies locate

Inaugural addresses by U. S. Presidents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

inauguration addresses by U. S. Presidents - Essay ExampleKennedy was worried over the present status of affairs where nations are saddle by the cost of modern weapons, including the deadly nuclear weapons. It makes Kennedy insisting that Let both sides America and its allegories...formulate serious and accurate proposals for the inspection and control of arms and bring the controlling power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations (Kennedy, 1961). Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, former American presidents like Kennedy, agrees with disarmament saying that Americas ultimate aim is to eliminate all nuclear weapons from the world. Regarding the handling of the these weapons, Kennedy recommend that it would be better for the nations to wasting disease these weapons to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors (Kennedy, 1961).Kennedys remarks on disarmament bring to us the historical importance of the 1960s which marked its indelible mark with America s exploration in Vietnam that tolled the lives of thousands of people.Balance of magnate is a distribution of military and economic power among nations that is sufficiently even to keep any bingle of them from being too strong or dangerous (yourdictionary.com, 2010). Most of the world nations shore up offset of power as a means to regulate the arm race. It is quite evident from the inaugural addresses of legal age of the American presidents indicating the real requisite of balance of power. The former president Ronald Regan reveals Americas plan to edit out the number of nuclear weapons concurrently with Soviet Union (Regan, 1985). Bush and Clinton also were of the same opinion concerning the jurisprudence of nuclear weapons and maintaining balance of power. The words of former president, George W. Bush (2001) unveil Americas policy with take care to balance of power when he says, American remains engaged in the world by record and by choice, shaping a balance of

Ghost Solders Essay Example for Free

trace Solders EssayThe book Ghost Solders The Forgotten Epic hi tommyrot of World War IIs Most Dramatic Mission tells the story of the American raid that happened in January 1945 on the Japanese prisoner of war coterie at Cabanatuan in the Philippines to rescue affiliate prisoners. The accounts come from interviews conducted by the author of the participants, two rescuers and prisoners. With these interviews the author was able to give the memorializeer an insight to the concentrations caps and of the prisoners lives as well as the rescue missionary station with first hand details. there are three points this book was able to show and the first is near the individuals the second is of survival and the human spirit and the third is the success of the mission. It is a compelling work of history on the war with Japan. It focuses on the experiences of a few individuals but never loses sight of the bigger picture, the American war against Japan. Hampton Sides tells the true story of a daring mission to rescue American and Allied soldiers who had been incarcerated for more than three years behind enemy lines.These men roughly 500 were from an army of 100,000 who had surrendered in April 1942 and endured shocking conditions and acts such as the crushing of ailing prisoners with tanks, random decapitations and the use of exhausted troops for bayonet practice. many another(prenominal) of their comrades died during the Death March that followed their surrender. Sides reminds us how shocking it was for the Americans to witness suffering indiscriminate cruelty from the Japanese guards without be able to do anything about it.The story opens in December in the year 1941 with the Japanese onslaught of the Philippines Islands, the American retreat to Bataan and Corregidor, and the surrender of the American and Filipino nips to the Japanese in April and May 1942. By January 1945 very(prenominal) few allied prisoners had survived the Bataan Death March and r emained in the Philippines. Many died because of the three years of neglect, hunger, disease, and torture from the Japanese.With the summer of 1944, with Americans moving nearer to the Philippines many prisoners were shipped out to the Islands on what were called Hell Ships bound for Japan or Formosa. With the allied invasion of the Philippines in October 1944, the fate of the surviving prisoners of war became even more uncertain. This was because of reports of Japanese troops murdering prisoners onwards retreating and just before American forces was able to save them. To prevent another massacre, a small force of 121 men from the U. S.Armys 6th Ranger Battalion that slipped through the Japanese lines on January twenty-eighth 1945, engaging in one of the most daring rescue mission of the war. The object of the raids was to rescue 513 American and British POWs in the Japanese camp near Cabanatuan on the Island of Luzon. Ghost Story is the story of the rescuers as well as the rescue d. The author details the raid from beginning to end, intertwining the story of the prisoners in the camp with the story of the rescuers that give emotions to the reader on the event.Lieutenant Colonel Henry Mucci, a West caput Graduate and the commanding officer of the 6th Ranger Battalion, was selected to lead the raid. Mucci could not take all 800 of his Rangers, so he took the C Company commanded by Captain Robert Prince, and a platoon from F Company to undertake the mission. There were 121 men total for the mission. Early in the morning on January 28th the rescuers began a 30 cubic centimeter march to the camp at Cabanatuan. Sides detail the march through the jungle.He also deals with the concerns when it was discovered that the camp was a major transshipment point for retreating Japanese and almost 8,000 Japanese troops might be in the area. There were also details on the logistical, intelligence and combat contributions of the Filipino guerrillas as well as the planning, re connaissance and execution of the assault on the camp. The author does an excellent job with these descriptions along with the emotional and bewitching withdrawal of the prisoners back to American lines.Sides bring the story to life in a very raise and very gripping manner and to me he captured the moment. He details the day to day suffering of the prisoners and tells the story of the dangerous work done by the resistance forces before and after the rescues. Many of the Filipino citizens helped the prisoners and the Rangers risking death. They supplied the Rangers with diet and carts. They even fought along side of the Rangers. The book is very well written and is a must read for any WW II historian as well as the average reader.It gives a detailed understand into human behavior during war and at a time when people are usually at their worst. Ghost Soldiers is a remarkable book, not least because Sidess heroes were ordinary solders and humans who somehow found the resilience to e ndure unimaginable horrors. The account of the raid itself is the stuff of high adventure, but where Sides excels is in persuading the survivors to recall their experiences in such powerful, candid detail.ReferenceSides, H. Ghost Solders The Forgotten Epic Story of World War IIs Most Dramatic Mission. New York Doubleday (2001).

Disability Discrimination Essay Example for Free

Disability Discrimination stressWould you deem Karina alter nether the ADAAA? If so, what reasonable accommodations would you offer to her?Karina has a medical condition requiring her to take steroids and a nonher(prenominal) medications. This condition led to Karina gaining weight and not able to wear two uniform items, the stockings and heels. These conditions affect her back, circulatory system, and endurance level. Additionally, according to her doctor, Karina mustiness stop wearing the stockings and heels because of her condition. Based on this information, Karina does qualify as disabled even if she does not display symptoms that interfere with her ability to perform her duties. By taking medication, Karina is mitigating (reducing) the effects of her illness. However, her employer cannot trade this information in determining if she has a protected deterioration under the ADAAA. The ADA was passed nearly 20 years ago to provide legal protections for, and to end discri mination against, workers with disabilities. The ADA is a wide-ranging accomplished rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability.It affords similar protections against discrimination to Americans with disabilities as the Civil Rights interpret of 1964, which make discrimination based on race, religion, sex, national origin, and other characteristics illegal. Under the ADA, an individual is considered to have a disability if that individual either (1) has a physical or mental check which substantially limits one or more of that persons major life activities, (2) has a record of such(prenominal) an impairment, or (3) is regarded by the covered entity as having such an impairment. The determination of whether any particular condition is considered a disability is made on a case by case basis.When the ADA was first passed into law in 1990, federal courts were very unforgiving in determining which employees met the ADAs definition of a disability, resulting in the dis missal of many cases. A series of such court decisions made it increasingly difficult to qualify for the laws protections. To remedy this problem, Congress recently passed the ADA Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAAA), which went into effect on January 1, 2009. The ADAAA made five changes to the ADA that atomic number 18 significant. 1.It provides that the definition of the ADA disability must both be more flexible and broadly construed. 2.It expands the list of major life activities.3.It provides that courts can no longer consider whether mitigating measures, such as medication or assistive technology, reduce the impact of impairment on an individual. 4.It states that diseases that are episodic or in remission may still be disabilities. 5.It provides that employees who claims they are regarded as disabled can now make an ADA claim, even if the perceived disability does not impact a major life activity. It is important that employers be up to speed on these changes. This is curiously imp ortant because the ADAAA created a shift of emphasis in applying the law. In enacting the ADAAA, Congress instructed that it should be interpreted to favor broad coverage of individuals under the ADA, and that courts must focus not on whether an employee is disabled, but on whether the employer is complying with its obligations under the law.

History and Archives Essay Example for Free

accounting and Archives EssayShe was born in Moscow, Russia and spent all her childhood and most of her young age in the Soviet Union. She went to school in Moscow from 1973 to 1983, for 10 years. At school she was very concerned in history especially in ancient history. She loved to read books close to history of Egypt, Italy and Mexico and as well started to develop an interest in how the people live in dissimilar countries and why they all argon distinguishable in some ways and the same in other ways. During her childhood every summer she went to diametrical camps, where she met fresh people from different republics (that now after the crash of the USSR they are all different countries. In 1983 she was admitted to Moscow Order of Honor State University of History and Archives. She was there for 6 years and stock a Diploma for Master of History and Archival Science. While at the University she witnessed the last years of the huge Empire of the Soviet Union and its Coll apse. She saw how people started to change when their lives were drastically changed by Perestroika.She saw how families handd under the strains of a impertinent social and economic system which imposed clean financial hardship and drastic even overnight changes in societal norms. She saw how children from those families reacted to escalating divorce rates and how their lives changed for the worse. Deep interest in history and cultures of different countries led her to explore on human behavior, their similarities and differences. Having grown up in a totalitarian system and experiencing the perceived freedoms we enjoy here, she have an appreciation for issues related to how human beings deal with different pressures and expectations. In the time that she was with people from other cultural backgrounds, she developed a great appreciation for the differences in cultural traditions and social behavior. She pursued this interest and took up a masters course in History and Archiv al Science. As she witnessed the tragic collapse of her nation, she saw how society as a full aband stard the notion of Social responsibility and any feelings of obligation to others that were mandated by the government at one time were replaced with a vacuum that left many in search of a new trance of their place in society. She observed how people react when their dreams and expectations taste the bitterness of reality and localise to changes and show and most of the times take up the negative route and enter into alcoholism, drug abuse, prostitution, felony. Personality The collapse of society happened almost overnight. It was shocking to her that the transformation of millions within such a short time, and to the extent of that transformation. unluckily it did not getting better in fact it started to affect her.She now faced to adapt to her changing environment after adhering so closely to my traditional impressions of honor and respect. Later she adapted to a new marriag e and followed her spouse to the US. The move to the US was a very drastic change for her at that time. A totally different country, traditions, language and social norms. She had some difficult time in adjusting and understanding that country. yet some other adaptation was required of her. Her daughter was born and once again she was entering a different world with no guidance. She found her loving husband of 20 years cheating on her with another woman.This was not what she expected in the least. Her life made no sense. Her beliefs that were honed for so many years were critically tasked. This new information made the pathways in her brain over taxed. This was not what she could accept. But she had too. there was no other reality. Still it took her years to grasp with that reality. Much as others deal with change she had trouble. It was her dispassionate belief that with coaching, that people could deal with a fast changing environment, including a new economic and social realit y.She finish with a divorce. She then even had to adjust and live with the situation when her little girl was taken from her establish on fraudulent allegations that swayed a person (one of many) who was the judge. Her heart was cut she was drowning in ocean of emotions, and ones again in her life for the purpose to survive. After the collapse of her nation, she began reading books on psychology, philosophy and religion, in order to adjust to the drastic change and realized that adaptation was the greatest tool that humans possessed. For the purpose of dealing with the new challenges confronting her after the birth of her daughter, she began to educate herself with reading in order to learn more than about the child development and psychology. When she found her husband cheating on her, she could not accept it. But she had too. There was no other reality. She took years to grasp with that reality. She faced troubles initially but dispassionately believed that with coaching, tha t people raise deal with a fast changing environment, including a new economic and social reality. To get through her divorce, she returned to reading books on psychology and started to speak with counselors and therapists. She learned an incredible amount of practical applications of behavioral and cognitive tools she could use to adapt to this latest crisis. By reading and learning more she developed the longing to patron and support people who face change and find it hard to adapt. She learnt enough to allow her to make a greater impact on how to teach people from an early age to handle change and disembodied spirit for ways to adapt that benefit society has a whole.She realized that her way, she and many others layabout adapt to new environmental stresses can and must be influenced by people who can motivate people who can show them how to deal with situations that were never expected. Whether it is dealing with a Cultural Revolution, and actual revolution, a great upheaval , a great loss, or a custody battle in a divorce or more recently fuel prices that will effect the poors heating in Northern states, peoples financial stresses people need to have help in guiding them through these transitions, and she wanted to make a difference in this way.She understood how different people are and how the behaviors of various groups are allowed to flourish. This dichotomy intrigued her as it would seem that a healthy society had to strike for some balance. She loved to explore the issue at greater length and have some guidance in understanding socio-psychological issues. She was not so oftentimes interested in pathology as she was in theoretical psychology of social norms and patterns along with how to setup systems to neck the needs of individuals along with the pressures of societal needs and peaceful coexistence. She wished to use adaptation tool to grow as a person.She looked for something to help her on this journey and I thought a respected school and he r desire together could be used to help others who have undergone serious social stresses in life, while maintaining a positive social framework in which they can function. In this way she was on her way to growth.ReferencesPavlov, Conditioned Reflex (1903), Internet, Available at http//www. pbs. org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bhpavl. html, Accessed on 3 August 2009 Skinner, The Behavior of organism (1936), Internet, Available athttp//www. pbs. org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bhskin. html, Accessed on 3 August 2009

Problems of Population Census in Africa Essay Example for Free

Problems of Population Census in Africa analyseMore explicitly it can be defined as a complete process of collection, reception, assessments, abridgment publication and distribution of demographic, economic and social information, which relates at a given moment in age to all the residents of a country or of a well-defined partial geographic ara, as reflected in the population and housing countes handbook of the U. N in 1992.While behaveing population census, there argon miscellaneous problems that could be altering the successful completion of the exercise using Africa and some African countries as berth study, they include i. Insufficient funding ii. Manpower ( inadequate skills/ knowledge , availability ) iii. Political influences iv. Inaccuracy in the buttocks procedures being used v. Inaccessibility to enumeration areas. Funding has been a major issue in the pay of population censuses in ontogeny countries especially in Africa.Most countries find the exercise too incompetent to carry out in respect of monetary times and as such the periodical conduct of censuses under a 10 historic period plan as practiced by some authentic countries in Europe and north America could non be achieved in Africa but some countries equivalent Botswana have been able to achieve a considerable number of censuses up to tune of 15 censuses in their history. Sighting Nigeria as an example, the concluded 2006 national population and housing census was conducted after 15 years of the unsuccessful antecedent one.Even with respect to that wide gap. The country still had to receive monetary charge from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The issue of manpower is ravaging cases in conducting population census in Africa, the manpower usually are unskilled or semi-skilled in most cases. By virtue of that, the data they collect might not be correct which gives an in- accurate statistical data when the results of the census is concluded.The 2006 census in Nigeria recorded a huge number of in go through work persons who ad no previous knowledge of collecting data before that time. Influences cannot be ruled out mostly in developing countries where the due process agenda is skilful being proper gated. The stages that have to be passed through are in most cases being skipped or area that area to be paid much emphasises are being streamlined if it will not be of political interest to the people in power. in any case there is cases of incompetent official being employed due to their political influences and no experience forehanded which would later jeopardise the exercise.Due to a considerable level of backwardness still being experienced in Africa as a continent there are still some loop areas that happen upon the hitch free process of population census and that the availability of an up to date base maps. some African countries still fi d it hard to produce an update map of the various regions and areas in their pronounce which gives th e workers a problem when they get to their enumeration area and it still cannot tally with the area indicated on the base map given to them .Only few countries in Africa has been able to overcome this problems, Egypt has passed that level has it has been able to perform in turn a 10years interval censuses since 1909 and problems as such has been eradicated over time. But that is not the case with other countries that has just being enlightened to the benefit of population censuses. The problem of harsh terrain has also been a ravaging factors that infers a complete population census to be carried out in some areas.For instance Ethiopia has had just threesome censuses in history (1984, 1994 and 2007) but in all cases the Somali region and the Afar region were not covered due to the fact that these regions are remote regions that are very hot and arid. While the Somali region hosts a large population and is a conflict area where Ethiopian regular forces are fighting against the Oga den national liberation areas.These areas are areas of tremendous dangers in which enumerators are scared of going which would ultimately have a deficit on the population statistics when it is finally computed. However with all these been said Kenya has been the freshman African country to be the first to produce a completely processed census in spite of appearance one year after census.

Death Essay Example for Free

Death EssayDeath, to numerous who believe in reincarnation is passing into another life. The quality of this life could be well symbiotic on the, karma or the deeds that one has carried out in previous rescue. Death thus look at not be the end of life but just a new beginning. Reincarnation is in general thought to be an Eastern belief predominantly prevalent in Buddhism. Karma, slightly believe is an antediluvian Hindu cliche increasingly picked up by Buddhist scriptures which provide a cause termination link to our actions. Reincarnation takes these links further and seeks to provide a relation between our actions and its outcomes in this birth to our karma in the previous birth. Karma is generally said to be unseen to the common man but antediluvian Hindu mythology believes that it is evident to the wise and knowledgeable sage. There argon many such believers of this phenomenon in the air jacket as well. Stevenson (1980) has even supported it with extensive scientif ic reasoning and examples. The instances quoted are of children who are said to defy taken to speaking about their earlier life immediately after they had started talking.There are some studies which link birth marks or defects with past lives. These defects are seen as the wounds on a somebody of previous birth, who is remembered in the embryo, wounds which could possibly contain been fatal. (Stevenson, 1997). Rationalists and particularly rational biologists would not believe that the biological deformities which are found at birth such as defective speech, hearing or blindness could have been a cause of an accident in previous life rather than defective growth of the embryo in its formative stage.There has thus been extensive skepticism about reincarnation particularly amongst the positivist of the West. However in that location are numerous believers of incarnation who quote a number of examples which are there in the Bible including the teachings of Jesus where John the Bap tist is considered as a reincarnate of Elijah the prophet. What then is the reality?

Rogerian Argument Essay Example for Free

Rogerian Argument EssayThe rime Sex With out(p) esteem by Sharon Olds is as controversial as the topic itself. The author describing the phenomenon that has mystify pervasive in in advance(p) life could non refrain from taking a stand on the issue, and this position can be either supported or refuted by the audience.When so many people are motivated by the contemporary American culture to engage in sexual intercourse without the trappings of love or even simple emotional attachment, it is interesting to re see the rime dedicated to this situation and sort out issues covered in it. Doing so will help match little t construe with to a greater extent confidence in the complex realm of human communication. Besides, it is even more interesting since Olds is the kind of poet who does not shun agitative topics and is not afraid to show her intimate life to the public. In analyzing the poem, we will try to understand whether Olds poem is a humanistic glorification of the body o r a disgusting description that satisfies bad tastes.The latter(prenominal) view of Olds poem is taken by William Logan. In his article No Mercy published in the journal New Criterion in December 1999, he and then takes no mercy on Sharon Olds calculates and their artistic value. Perhaps the only positive trait Logan finds about Olds poetry is its spontaneity and unexpectedness of the next line that in itself should be applauded in the world of literature. However, Logan is disgusted by the sensual images that unceasingly surface in the poems and repel him with their openness.Therefore, he states that reading through Olds hell-for-leather hubris you never know whats feeler next, but youre sure its going to be a disaster (Logan 199960). In short, Logan believes her work to be unblushing prose chopped up into lines of poetry, lurid as a tabloid (Logan 199960). As such, he sees Olds work as a response to the society in our dates constantly demanding from poets more descriptions of sexual lurid scenes, waste of any meaningful human emotions, and Olds is a vivid example of this trend.However, Logan takes care to dismantle the value of the poetess work on the grounds on which she seems to him to advance the radicalism in the portrayal of sexual scenes. Olds to Logan ism despite her attempts to pinch herself as a radical, a homely Redbook moralist, believing in motherhood, family, and honey on her nipples (Logan 199960). Thus, this view of Olds poetry proclaims her tasteless and lacking radicalism, tot entirelyy denigrating her work and making it look worthless.There is, however, a disparate perception of Olds poetry, and in fragmentizeicular the poem Sex Without revere. To me, in particular, this poem presents an image that is abstruse in imagery, metaphors, and perceptive comparisons. This imagery comes out in comparisons that kindredn the participants of the act in turn to dancers, ice-skaters, and children at birth.The latter, true, is a somewhat b rutal simile, but it is so to only some people who think that newborns are not particularly good-looking, while to others a newborn is as beautiful as anybody, being part of the life cycle. The first two comparisons, beautiful as dancers and gliding over each other like ice-skaters seem suitable for any taste, reinforcing the opinion that sexual intercourse, like any natural human action, is not disgusting, but beautiful and elegant (Olds).The poem also introduces an interesting perception of sexual intercourse, interpreting it in its own terms. It is unusual to someone who was brought up with the conviction that sex is pure and acceptable only when it is reassert by love and preferably by marriage. In our society, love at one point came to wait on as a convenient way to justify why people had sex outside of marriage. Therefore, with time it became almost as sacred as marriage itself. Olds takes love off its pedestal and proclaims that those who choose to bear sex without it are the true religious, the purists, the pros (Olds). Those are the people whowill notaccept a simulated Messiah, love thepriest instead of the God. They do notmistake the lover for their own pleasure (Olds).It seems that in this context sex for its own sake becomes the new norm, and love is something like a deviation from this norm. numerous people can dispute this perception, but it is certain that each person can have ones own viewpoint on these matters. In any case, the fact that Olds raises the issue and supports it with bright poetic images nonpluss this poem worth attention.The value of Sharon Olds poem is also appreciated in the Free-written Comprehension of Sex Without whap available from the Richard Stockton College of NJ website. Also noting the strong imagery of the poem, the writer also adds that the images are here not for enjoyment, but rather to exhibit the reality of the action (Richard Stockton College). Besides, the interpretation also emphasizes the fact that, l ike in many pieces of poetry, Olds does not draw the ready-made conclusion that she wants the reader to follow. In fact, she allows several explanations and has the reader make the guessing on his or her own.So is Sharon Olds a lurid author who enjoys portraying sexual scenes with all the possible details or a philosopher who introduces a new opinion, supported with adequate imagery? It feels that the resolvent can lie somewhere in between. Returning to the denigrating opinion stated by William Logan in his article, one can see that this argument covers the whole poetry. Sex Without Love, compared to other poems by Olds, is comparatively more Puritan in its imagery and does not use many shocking details.The emphasis is on the process as a whole, and the author uses broad metaphorical images like ice-skaters or runners to convey broader similarities. Abstaining from talk of the town about details like her labia or other body parts that she mentions in other poems, Olds appears more appealing to a broad audience of people with different backgrounds and views, many of whom may be anomic by more naturalistic images.By the way, talking about the imagery in Olds poetry, Logan admits that Aristotle would have love her metaphors, her anatomy lessons (Logan 199960). In Sex Without Love, Olds is at her best with building her imagery that serves to convey her message. Her images become a powerful tool for showing the event from new and new angles, creating the effect of unexpectedness mention by Logan.Most interestingly, there is a viewpoint supported by Free-written Comprehension of Sex Without Love and differing from my initial perceptions that in the poem, Olds does not at all support the idea of meaningless, thoughtless sex without emotions, and that in fact she is disgusted by it as much as her more conservative audience. The latter view is grounded in the final part of the poem where Olds compares her lovers to runnersthey are like great runners they know they are allwith the road surface, the cold, the wind,the fit of their shoes, their over-all cardio-vascular healthjust factors, like the partnerin the bed, and not the truth, which is thesingle body alone in the universeagainst its own best time. (Olds)It can be claimed that stating that the people in bed in concert are just meager factors of life strongly indicates that there is distaste for sex without love (Richard Stockton College). public speaking of cardio-vascular health as one of the factors, Olds expresses her sadness over such act of love that does not admit any emotional attachment between the two. Even though on the surface, she claims that she admires sex without love, in fact she is repelled by it, as shown in her images.After deliberation, I agree that Olds poem should perhaps be read in a different sense disputing the value and attraction of sex without emotion. Using this time less naturalistic images, Olds displays her strengths with metaphors by creating an unfor gettable picture of the two runners rushing along a meaningless travel guidebook of factors. In this poem, she may not be savoring the details of lurid sexual pictures. Instead, Olds puts in her poem a deep spiritual meaning that reiterates the old human value of love, attachment, and care. In this sense, she may indeed by lacking radicalism, but instead of this she professes values close to many in her audience.Works CitedLogan, William. No Mercy. New Criterion 18.4 (December 1999) 60.Olds, Sharon. Sex Without Love. 24 June 2002. 17 April 2006 http//plagiarist.com/poetry/4922.Richard Stockton College of New Jersey. Free-written Comprehension of Sex Without Love. 17 April 2006 http///thebalance/stories/storyReader$9.

Discrimination and Human Rights Act Essay Example for Free

difference and Human Rights Act EssayIntroductionYou have been asked by your Head Teacher to produce a document that promotes the immenseness of promoting equality and alteration in earn with children and young people. This is aimed for new members of staff and volunteers. statute and codes of practice2.4 1.1Identify at least two current legislation and codes of practice relevant to the publicity of equality and valuing of diversity. You must include the correct title and date (where appropriate) and then provide a abridgment of each piece of legislation or code of practice that is identified. This could include Equality Act, Human Rights Act, cellular inclusion polity.The Equalities Act (2010)This act is a combination of many old acts (race relations, sex dissimilarity and disability discrimination etc.) its two main purposes to harmonise discrimination law and to strengthen the law to support the progress on equality. It is the most significant development in equality and discrimination for years. It sets out that anyone regardless of race, sex, religion or disability is entitled to fair treatment.The Human Rights Act (1998)This act sets out the rights and fundamental freedoms of each and every human existence. All public bodies (courts, tutors etc.) have to comply with the act. The act has a principal that everyone should have defense from discrimination this has a wide range of grounds including sex, race, colour, language, religion and political or other opinions.cellular inclusion policy (our lady mother of the saviour catholic primary crop 2011) This policy sets out that the school its self aims to be inclusive and remove barriers to learning and participation that could discriminate pupils or groups of pupils.it states in the policy that the achievements, attitudes and well-being of all children matter.Equal opportunities policy (our lady mother of the saviour catholic primary school 2011) This policy is set out in accordance with the Equalities Act 2010. It is there to promote anti-discrimination and the principle of honor and justice for all through the education that is provided from the school. The policy also recognises that by doing this it may from magazine to time have to treat some pupils differently (a child with a disability volition be case-hardened as fair as possible but in situations cannot be treated the same as other pupils)2.4 1.2, 1.3Describe the importance of supporting the rights of all children and young people to participation and equality of access. unfortunately studies have shown that children from poorer backgrounds attain less in school than children from higher professional families, this in its self supports the importance of supporting children in school to participation and equality of access. Ignoring these rights could lead to children having low self-esteem, a feeling of inferiority and lower levels at school. Supported in the right way children could all have a greater ch ance of attaining a higher level at school and a greater chance of fit more all rounded as adults.Describe the importance and benefits of valuing and promoting cultural diversity in work with children and young people.By promoting cultural diversity and valuing any type of difference in work this will reflect on the children so that they themselves will pick up these attitudes and behaviours. The importance of this is that failure to promote diversity through your own actions could result in discrimination within the children and young people. The advantages of valuing and promoting diversity are that it opens the children up to learn about new things, such as cultures and improves their knowledge and understanding. By doing this it will lead to them being more tolerant and creative adults and therefore less likely to discriminate later in life.

Customer Value and Superior Performance Essay Example for Free

guest think of and Superior execution Essay commercialise Orientation, Customer Value, and Superior Performance Stanley F. Slater and John C Narver Thinking in terms of the mart (not merchandise) is essential in the highiy agonistical arenas of forthwith, o achieve master key(p) performance, a art must develop and sustain competitive wages. But where competitive advantage was once based on structural characteristics such as market power, economies of scale, or a broad product line, the emphasis today has shifted to capabilities that enable a handicraft to consistently deliver superior appraise to its nodes. This, after all(a), is the meaning of competitive advantage.Our recent rehunt shows that a market-oriented c leave out provides a solid foundation for these value-creating capabilities. A business is market-oriented when its culture is systematically and entirely committed to the continuous creation of superior customer value. Specifically, this entails collecti ng and coordinating learning on customers, antagonists, and opposite signifi rottert market influencers (such as regulators and suppliers) to use in building that value (see insert 1). The three major comp peerlessnts of market orientation+ustomer orientation, competitor focus, and cross- contributional coordination-are long-term in vision and profit-driven.Based on extensive interviews with managers and executives, Kohli and Jaworski (1990) conclude that market orientation provides a unifying focus for the efforts and projects of several(prenominal)s, thereby leading to superior performance. A developing stream of empirical research has found a strong relation- T channelise between market orientation and several measures of business performance, including profitability. customer retention, sales growth, and bare-assed product achievement. Customer Orientation The heart of a market orientation is its customer focus.To create superior value for vendees incessantly requires that a trafficker insure a buyers entire value chain, not just now as it is today but also as it evolves over time. Buyer value can be created at any point in the chain by make the buyer either more effective in its markets or more efficient in its operations. A market-oriented business understands the cost and tax income dynamics not only of its immediate target buyers but also of all markets beyond, for demand in the immediate and upstream markets is derived from the demand in the original downstream markets.Therefore, a market-driven business develops a cosmopolitan understanding of its customers business and how customers in the immediate and downstream markets perceive value. Employees of market-oriented businesses spend considerable time with their customers. Managers and employees end-to-end the business call on their customers or bring them into their own facilities in a constant search for new ways to satisfy their needs.For example, Ih Pont has developed a program called Adopt a Customer that encourages a blue-collar worker to visit a customer once a month, learn the customers needs, and be the customer representative on the factory floor. Market-driven businesses forever monitor their customer commitment by making im- proved customer satisfaction an ongoing objective. To maintain the relationships that are critical to delivering superior customer value, they pay close attention to service, both before and after sales.Because of the importance of employees in this effort, these businesses take expectant care to recruit and retain the best people available and provide them with regular training. Some businesses unconstipated involve their customers in hiring, training, and developing contact people as well as in making motivation and reward system decisions. Involving customers in these key areas forges strong customer loyalty. ogy development. Top managers frequently debate competitors strategies to develop a shared perspective on probab le sources of competitive threats.A reason for the success of many Japanese companies is that they train managers to understand that competitive intelligence is part of everyones job. Using this breeding, marketdriven businesses frequently target opport unities for competitive advantage based on competitors weaknesses. In any case, they keep competitors from developing an advantage by responding rapidly or anticipating their actions. Interfunctionai Coordination Competitor Focus The third of the three core components of a marCreating superior customer value requires more ket orientation is the coordination of personnel than just focusing on customers.The key quesand separate resources from by dint ofout the comtions are which competitors, and what technolopany to create value for buyers. Any point in the gies, and whether target customers perceive them buyers value chain is an opportunity for a seller as alternate satisfiers. Superior value requires that to create value for the buyer staunch. This means the seller identify and understand the principal that any individual in any function in a seller firm competitors short-term strengths and weaknesses can potentially contribute to value creation.As and long-term capabilities and strategies. For Michael Porter (1985) explains example, a team of Marriott employees traveled the country for sextette months, staying in economy Every department, facility, branch office, hotels and collecting information about their and other organizational unit has a role facilities and services. Armed with this informathat must be defined and understood. All tion about potential competitors strengths and employees, irrespective of their distance weaknesses, Marriott invested $500 million in a from the strategy formulation process, new hotel chain.Fairfield Inn, its budget market must recognize their role in helping a entry, achieved an occupancy rate 10 points firm achieve and sustain competitive higher than the industry avera ge in one year. advantage. A seller should adopt a chess-game perspective of its current and principal potential competiTo accomplish this, effective companies pack tors. Moreover, it should continuously examine developed horizontal structures that focus on the competitive threats they pose, inferring these building value, such as time-to-market for new threats from intent and value-creation capabilities.This is crucial information to a seller in developFigure 1 ing its contingency competitive Market Orientation strategies. In one case, HewlettPackard decided to accelerate the Interfunctional announcement of a new computer culture Assessment Acquisition peripheral after discovering through its travel agency that a rival had book conference rooms around the country for a specific date. Knowing that this rival had a connatural product in development, H-I- rushed its announcement and beat the competition to the market. In market-driven businesses, employees from all functions share information concerning competitors.For example, it is crucial for RD to receive information acquired by the sales group about the pace of a competitors technol- Customer Information Competitor Information d Coordinated Superior Customer Value Other Market Information Market Orientation. Customer Value, and Superior Performance 23 products. They manage projects through small multifunctional teams that can move more quickly and easily than businesses that use the tradtional function-by-function, sequential approach. For example, cross-functional teams call on customers to identify additional opportunities for value creation. engineer becomes involved during preliminary market research to help marketers understand what is feasible. Production is involved during product design to ensure that the product can be manufactured at a reasonable cost. Engineers and production people constantly discuss their capabilities and limitations with sales and trade so capabilities can be leveraged an d limitations avoided when promoting products or sewices. When all functions contribute to creating buyer value this way, more creativity is brought to bear on increasing effectiveness and efficiency for customers.Does This Mean the merchandising Department Is in Charge? Shapiro (1988) tells the anecdote of a company CEO explaining to top managers that because of increasing competition, the business needed to become more market-oriented. With that encouragement the trade vice president jumped in, Ive been saying all along we need to be more market-oriented. Marketing has to be more involved in everything Ixcause we represent the customer and we devour an integrated view of the company. At that point the CEO snarled. I said more maet-oriented. not 177arketin-oriented. That story is very epresentative of our experience with marketing orientation as well. A marketing orientation implies an emphasis on the marketing function that may not be appropriate. Customer value is created b y core capabilities throughout the entire organization. Whereas Procter and Gambles competitive advantage may be based on I core marketing capability, 3Ms advantage is innovation Canons is technology. This does not make 3M or Canon any little market-oriented than Procter and Gamlle. Because market-driven behavior permeates multiple functions at 3M and Canon, they may be more market-oriented and less marketing-oriented.In our view, lvhen a business achieves the objective of developing a pervasive market orientation, the marketing function may become lessnot more-important, because all functions are dedicated to creating and delivering customer value. This is consistent with Regis McKennas (1991) notion that Marketing is everything and everything is marketing. Webster (1992) foresees a time when marketing specialists will become increasingly rare while marketing as a popular worry function becomes more important. This is the result of a general focus on cross- unctional cooperatio n, which causes internal functional boundaries to lose meaning. GEs 1990 Annual Report puts it this way In a bound-less company, internal functions begin to blur. Engineering doesnt design a product, then hand it off to manufacturing. They form a team, along with marketing and sales, finance, and the rest. Customer service? Its not somebodys job. Its everybodys job. However, for businesses that currently have an internal orientation on production or research and development, the marketing department may have to take the lead role in encouraging marketoriented thinking throughout the firm.As the primary boundary between the business and its markets, marketing is managements window on the world (Holver and Garda 1985). Because it is dependent on other functional areas for the timely and efficient development, production, and delivery of the product, marketing is likely to be the first function that fully appreciates the benefits of market orientation. To maximize its effectiveness. ma rketing must demonstrate the benefits of market-driven behavior to top management and to other functions. Marketing may have a key role in the development and maintenance of a culture that is truly arket-oriented The crux is that the responsibility for superior buyer value is beyond that of any one function. Creating value for buyers is analogous to a symphony orchestra in which all members contribute according to a general plan and in which the contribution of each subgroup is tailored and integrated by a conductor-with a synergistic effect. A seller must draw upon and integrate effectively all of its human and other resources in an ongoing effort to create superior ,alue for buyers at a profit. This coordinated integration of company resources builds straightway on both customer and competitor analysis.

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Departmental imaging requirements Essay Example for Free

departmental tomography requirements EssayIntroduction Diagnosing, staging, and re-staging of cancer, as well as the monitoring and preparation of cancer handling, has traditionally relied on anatomic resourcefulness like computed count onry (CT) and magnetic resonance mental imagery (MRI). Spatially blameless medical resourcefulness is an essential in additionl in three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) manipulation training. CT imaging is the standard imaging modality for throw ground radiation treatment planning (RTP). CT images take into account anatomic reference information on the size and location of tumors in the body. They overly provide electron density information for heterogeneity-based enduring dose calculation. The major limitation of the CT imaging do is soft tissue contrast, which is overcome by using contrast agents or using another anatomical imaging modality like MRI. One of the di sadvantages of anatomical imaging techniques like CT and MRI is its unfitness to characterize the tumor. Tumors need to be characterized whether they argon benign or malignant and if malignant it would be facilitative to know whether the proliferation is slow or fast.Necrotic, scar, and inflammatory tissue practically cannot be contrastiveiated from malignancy based on anatomic imaging al unity. Anatomical imaging has high sensitivity for sleuthing of structural changes, further a low specificity for further characterization of these abnormalities. Single photon expelling computed tomography and antielectron emission tomography ( fondle) ar imaging techniques that provide information on physiology rather than image. These modalities have been workd for evaluation of tumor metabolism, differentiation between tumor reoccurrence and radiation necrosis, maculation of hypoxic areas of the tumor, and other functional imaging.Radiation treatment planning requires an entire locat ion of the tumor and the normal tissue and also knowledge of the size of the tumor for contouring the treatment volume. Although ducky provides necessary functional information for RTP, it has a few limitations. The spatial resolution of kiss is too poor to give accurate quantitative information. The greatest limitation in using dearie for RTP is its deprivation of anatomical information. This limitation of pamper is overcome by evaluating positron emission tomography and CT images together.F drilld PET and CT images give better diagnostic evaluation than PET or CT images used alone (Bar-Shalom et al, 2003 Cohade Wahl, 2003). precisely fusion of PET and CT images are meaningful only when they are rightly spatially registered. because a proper spatial registration is required for accurate delineation of tumor volume. The necessity of accurate spatial registration of fused images requires different fusion techniques for different image datasets. Software fusion and hardwar e fusion are the two different approaches considered by the scientific community (Townsend et al, 2003 Townsend et al, 2002).Software fusion approaches use different transformation algorithms to fuse different modality images acquired at different times. The transformation algorithms are separate as rigid and non-rigid transformation algorithms. They are based on whether they fuse images of rigid-body (e. g. , fling) or non rigid (e. g. , abdomen) objects (Patton, 2001 Yap, 2002). Although software system fusion gives better diagnostic information than using separate images, physicians may not rely on the information if the fused images were acquired at different times.Also the chances of a change in affected role mooring are high for image attainment done at different times. The hardware approach of image fusion is headed towards designing a single imaging system to acquire simultaneously the different image modalities required. Hardware fusion is partially achieved by constr uction of a crossing PET/CT electronic scanner (Beyer et al, 2000 Townsend et al, 2004) which acquires different modalities sequentially. These hybrid scanners are two separate scanners enabled to operate in sequence one aft(prenominal) another to acquire the different image modality datasets in a single imaging session.Although hybrid scanners do not give a square hardware fusion and have not proven to be a better fusion technique scientifically (Kalabbers et al, 2002), they have gained popularity for image acquisition in a single session. Due to reduced scan time and patient motion, PET/CT is considered sure among the oncology community. These hybrid PET/CT scanners, due to reduced scan time and reliable registration of PET and CT datasets, are becoming common in RTP. A PET image fused with a CT image can be used in treatment planning to eliminate geographical misses of the tumor and escalation of dose to the hypermetabolic aspects of a tumor.Fused images improve the accura cy in staging of lymph nodes. Although the use of PET/CT in RTP is growing at a fast pace, little research has been done in the direction of validating the PET/CT datasets for RTP. Discussion CT images describe the electronic density scattering of cross sections of the patient conformation. CT systems provide gray scale display of analog fading coefficients that near relate to the density of the tissue. CT imaging evolved from conventional planar radiographs.In planar X-ray ikon imaging the three dimensional anatomy of the patient is reduced to a two dimensional fading jut image and the depth information of the structures are lost. In CT imaging several(prenominal) fading gibbosity images for a volume of tissue are acquired at different angles. These sets of expulsion images are suppose by filtered back projection algorithm to generate two dimensional attenuation cross-section of anatomy of the patient. The attenuation measurement for a CT detector element is given by Eq uation 1 and Equation 2.Equation 1 behaves attenuation measurement for homogenous object and Equation 2 represent attenuation measurement for inhomogeneous (heterogeneous) objects. _ P(x) =1n I0 = ? x ? (1) __ _ I x _ _ _ P(x) = 1n I0 = x d x ? (2) __ L _ I x In the above equation P(x) is the metrical projection data for attenuation along the x direction. Io is the intensity of the x-ray beam measured without the patient in the way for that detector element.This is also known as a blank scan. I (x) is the measured intensity after attenuation by the patient.? (x) is the measured attenuation coefficient as a function of location in the patient. A CT scanner positions a rotating x-ray furnish and detector on opposite sides of the patient to acquire projection images. wee CT scanners used pencil beams of x-rays and a combination of translation and rotation motion to acquire projection images (Bushberg et al, 1994). Modern CT scanners have a stationary or rotating detector array wit h a rotating caramel beam x-ray tube. thither are also two types of scanning axile and voluted CT scanning.In axial scanning the patient is moved step by step acquiring sets of projection images for each stinger. In helical scanning the patient table moves continuously while the x-ray tube acquires a series of projection images. The projection images are acquired for a helical path almost the patient. In helical scanning to reconstruct a cross-sectional planar image, the helical data is interpolated to give axial plane projection data originally reconstruction. By removing the time to index the table between cut of meats the issue forth scan time of the patient is reduced.Also reconstruction can be done for any slice thickness after acquiring the data. This helical scanning is purchasable in most of the current CT scanners. The reconstructed CT image is a two dimensional matrix of computes, with each pixel correspondent to a spatial location in the image and in the patient . Usually the matrix is 512 pixels wide and 512 pixels improbable covering a 50 cm x 50 cm field of view. The numeric look upon in each pixel represents the attenuation coefficient as a gray level in the CT image. These be are called Hounsfield units or CT numbers.The reconstruction process generates a matrix of Hounsfield units which give the linear attenuation values normalized to the attenuation of water. This normalization is given by Equation 3. CT Number (HU) = super C (? pixel ? water) ____________ ?water CT number gives an indication of the type of tissue. Water has a CT number of zero. Negative CT numbers are typical for air spaces, lung tissues and fatty tissue. Values of ? pixel great than ? water correspond to other soft tissues and bone. Radiologists occasionally make critical diagnostic decisions based on CT number of particular regions of inte liberalisation.Also attenuation values given by CT numbers are used to calculate the dose delivered to the tumor in RTP. CT number is an important argument in CT images which must be frequently checked for accuracy. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging generates images that depict the distribution of positron emitting radionuclide in the patient body. PET imaging often uses the F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) radioactive tracer bullet to track increased glucose metabolic activity of tumor cells and to provide images of the entirely body distribution of FDG.When the positron is emitted by the radioactive tracer it annihilates with an electron to generate two 511 kev photons emitted in nearly opposite directions. These photons interact with the ring of detector elements surrounding the patient. If both the emitted photons are detected then the point of annihilation lies on the line joining the points of detection. This line joining the points of detection is known as the line of response (LOR). The rotary used by the scanner to record the detector interactions occurring at the same time is calle d likeness circuitry.This whole process is called annihilation coincidence detection. Thus a PET scanner uses annihilation coincidence detection instead of mechanical collimation like gamma cameras to acquire projections of activity distribution in the patient. Projections acquired at different angles are reconstructed using iterative algorithms to generate cross-sectional images of activity distribution. The annihilation coincidence detection process allows many false events to be acquired. Corrections are necessary for these false events before the projections are reconstructed.The total events acquired are classified as trues, random and scatter. A true coincidence is simultaneous interactions occurring in the detectors resulting from emissions occurring in the same nuclear transformation. Random coincidences occur when emissions from different nuclear transformations interact in coincidence with the surrounding detectors. Scatter coincidence occurs when one or both photons from annihilation is scattered in the patient body and interact with the detector to give a false LOR. The acquired annihilation events need to be right for random and scatter events.Random coincidence events along any LOR may be directly measured using the delayed coincidence method (Levin, 2003). The delayed coincidence method uses two coincidence circuits. The primary circuit measures both true and random coincidence events. The second circuit has a delay of several hundred microseconds inserted into the coincidence window, so all true coincidences are thrown out of coincidence. The counts measured in the second circuit are subtracted from the first to give true counts. Scatter correction is done for the projection data by model-based scatter estimation (Levin, 2003).The scatter correction factor is estimated by mathematical models and utilise to the projection data before reconstruction. see to it fusion was initially achieved by software fusion of anatomical and functional imag es. Software fusion was generally successful with brain and rigid body volumes. It encountered significant difficulties when fusing images of the rest of the body. Alignment algorithms fail to converge the two image sets due to problems of patient movement or discrepancies in patient positioning between two scans. Also involuntary movements of internal organs arise when patient are imaged on different scanners and at different times.Dual modality PET/CT imaging is a combination of imaging technologies helping to acquire accurately aligned anatomical and functional images in the same scanning session. Also an additional advantage of the combined PET/CT scanner is the use of CT images for attenuation correction. CT images can be scaled in energy and used to correct the PET data for attenuation effects (Kinahan et al, 2003 Kinahan et al, 1998). Dual-modality PET/CT was first built at the University of Pittsburgh in collaboration with CTI (Knoxville, TN) and Siemens Medical Solutions (H offman Estates, IL), combining separate PET and CT scanning devices into one device.The PET/CT prototype consisted of a rotating partial ring PET system and a single slice CT scanner mounted on the same rotating support. The CT scanner combined with PET often uses helical scanning CT to enable fast patient throughput, but new scanners with both helical and axial scanning are available now. The CT data is usually acquired first, followed by PET acquisition. There are typically two separate acquisition processing units for CT and PET, and an integrated display workstation. The acquired CT and PET datasets are sending to the reconstruction processing unit for reconstruction.Reconstructed images are fused in the fusion workstation. CT and PET images can also be separately viewed in the workstation. The protocol for PET/CT imaging starts with patient preparation. 5 15 mCi of FDG is injected into the patient 45 60 min before the start of image acquisition. After 45 min, the glucose circ ulates through the body the patient gets ready for image acquisition by emptying the bladder. The patient is positioned on the table for an initial topogram. The topogram is used to select the scan honk for PET/CT image acquisition.The scan ramble on is selected as a number of merchantman positions. at one time the image acquisition region is selected in the topogram, the helical CT scan is done first it takes around 30 sec to acquire one make love position. After completion of the CT portion, the scanner bed is moved to the PET starting position and the emission scan is started. The emission scan duration per bed position varies with the detector technology used. With conventional bismuth germinate oxyorthosilicate (BGO) system, acquisition times will range from 5 to 8 minutes per bed position.The new lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) technology reduces emission scans to 3 to 5 minutes per bed position (Humm et al, 2003). The CT data are used to perform attenuation correction. realise reconstruction is completed a few minutes after the PET image acquisition is completed. Since the CT data is used for attenuation correction, the total scan duration for a PET/CT scanner is shorter than that for stand-alone PET scanner, because the CT acquisition is much faster than a conventional PET contagious disease acquisition. Conclusion.To conclude, Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography (PET/CT) is an imaging test that produces high resolution pictures of the bodys biological functions and anatomic structures. These images show body metabolism and other functions rather than simply the gross anatomy and structure revealed by a standard CT or MRI scan. This is important because functional changes are often present before obvious structural changes in tissues are evident. PET/CT imaging can uncover abnormalities that might otherwise go undetected.For example, PET/CT can determine the charge and extent of tumors unseen by other imaging techniques, or det ect Alzheimers disease one to two years before the diagnosis would be made with certainty by your primary doctor. PET/CT is believed to be the most accurate imaging test available to evaluate lung cancer, colon cancer, detractor cancer, melanoma, lymphoma, head and neck cancer, and esophageal cancer. In published research studies, PET has been shown to have an approximately 90% accuracy in many of these cancer types.PET is the most accurate imaging test available to determine the presence of a dementia process such as Alzheimers disease. PET is also the most accurate test available to evaluate patients who have had a previous heart fire and are being considered for a procedure to improve blood flow to the injured heart muscle. References Bar-Shalom, R. Yefremov, N. Guralnik, L. Gaitini, D. Frenkel, A. Kuten, A. Altman, H. Keidar, Z. Israel, O. 2003. clinical performance of PET/CT in evaluation of cancer Additional value for diagnostic imaging and patient management. Journa l of atomic Medicine, Vol.(44. ) 1200-1209. Beyer, T. Townsend, D. W Brun, T. Kinahan, P. E Charron, M. Roddy, R. Young, J. Byars, L. Nutt, R. A. 2000. Combined PET/CT scanner for clinical oncology. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, Vol (41)1369-1379. Bushberg, J. T Seibert, J. A Leidholdt Jr. , E. M Boone, J. M. 1994. Essential of Physics of Imaging (2nd Edition). Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. Cohade, C. Wahl, R. L. 2003. drill of positron emission tomography/computed tomography image fusion in clinical positron emission tomography-Clinical use, Interpretation methods, diagnostic improvements.Seminars in Nuclear Medicine, Vol (XXXIII) 228-237. Humm, J. L Rosenfeld, A Guerra, A. D. 2003. From PET detectors to PET scanners. Eurpoean Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular imaging, Vol (30) 1574-1597. Kalabbers, B. M De Munck, J. C. Slotman, B. J Bree, R. D Hoekstra, O. S Boellaard, R. Lammertsma, A. A. 2002. Matching PET and CT scans of the head and neck area Development o f method and validation. Medical Physics, Vol (29), 2230-2238. Kinahan, P. E Hasegawa, B. H Beyer, T. 2003. X-Ray based attenuation correction for positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanners.Seminars in Nuclear Medicine, Vol (XXXIII) 166-179. Kinahan, P. E Townsend, D. W Beyer, T. Sashin, D. 1998. attenuation correction for a combined 3D PET/CT scanner. Medical Physics, Vol (25) 2046-2053. Levin, C. S. 2003. Data Correction Methods and character reconstruction algorithms for positron emission tomography. AAPM meeting. Continuing education, San Diego. Patton, J. 2001. Image Fusion in Nuclear Medicine PET/CT. cabbage ID 7192, AAPM Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City. Townsend, D. W Beyer, T. Blodgett, T. M. 2003. PET/CT scanners A Hardware approach to Image Fusion.Seminars in Nuclear Medicine, Vol (XXXIII) 193-204. Townsend, D. W Beyer, T. 2002. A combined PET/CT scanner the path to true image fusion. The British Journal of Radiology, Special issue Vol (25) S24-S30. Town send, D. W Carney, J. P. J Yap, J. T Hall, N. C. 2004. PET/CT today and tomorrow. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, Vol (45) 4S-14S. Yap, J. T. 2002. Image Reconstruction and Image fusion (PET/CT). Abstract ID 8391, AAPM Meeting Abstract ID 8391, Montreal. Zaidi, H. Hasegawa, B. 2003. Determination of the attenuation map in emission tomography. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, Vol (44)291-315.